León Méndez M, Padrón I, Fumero A, Marrero R J
Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38200, Spain.
Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38200, Spain; Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, Spain.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2024 Apr;159:105572. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105572. Epub 2024 Feb 5.
Internet Addiction (IA) refers to excessive or uncontrolled behaviors related to Internet access, causing impairment or distress. Similarly, Smartphone Addiction (SPA) involves the excessive use of smartphones, disrupting users' daily lives. Cognitive control plays a relevant role in the development of IA and SPA, with executive functions and rewards processing being particularly important.
This study aims to provide a synthesis of scientific evidence on the differential effects of IA and SPA on cognition in young adults and adolescents, using fMRI.
Relevant articles published between 2013 and May 2023 were identified following the PRISMA protocol.
Included studies (n = 21) revealed that both behavioral addictions were associated with impairments in cognitive control related to reward processing (ACC, insula, amygdala) and executive function (DLPFC, frontal, parietal lobes) in adolescents and young adults.
These findings provide evidence for neuroanatomical similarities between IA and SPA in young adults and adolescents related to executive functions and rewards processing. However, differential effects of SPA and IA on cognitive control were not found in this study. Future research should explore the relationship between these addictions with other cognitive domains to further expand our understanding within this field. While both IA and SPA involve the excessive use of online technology, SPA could involve a higher risk, given that smartphones allow internet connectivity anytime.
网络成瘾（IA）是指与网络使用相关的过度或不受控制的行为，会导致损害或困扰。同样，智能手机成瘾（SPA）涉及过度使用智能手机，扰乱用户的日常生活。认知控制在网络成瘾和智能手机成瘾的发展中起着相关作用，其中执行功能和奖励处理尤为重要。
本研究旨在利用功能磁共振成像（fMRI），综合科学证据，探讨网络成瘾和智能手机成瘾对青少年和年轻人认知的不同影响。
按照PRISMA协议，检索2013年至2023年5月发表的相关文章。
纳入的研究（n = 21）表明，这两种行为成瘾都与青少年和年轻人中与奖励处理（前扣带回、脑岛、杏仁核）和执行功能（背外侧前额叶皮层、额叶、顶叶）相关的认知控制受损有关。
这些发现为青少年和年轻人中网络成瘾和智能手机成瘾在执行功能和奖励处理方面的神经解剖学相似性提供了证据。然而，本研究未发现智能手机成瘾和网络成瘾对认知控制的不同影响。未来的研究应探索这些成瘾行为与其他认知领域之间的关系，以进一步扩展我们在该领域的理解。虽然网络成瘾和智能手机成瘾都涉及过度使用在线技术，但考虑到智能手机可随时连接互联网，智能手机成瘾可能风险更高。
