Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Tenri General Hospital, Nara, Japan.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Ophthalmology. 2021 Apr;128(4):522-531. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.023. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
To describe the distribution of ocular biometry and refraction in Japanese adults.
Cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study.
A total of 9850 individuals participated in the first follow-up of the Nagahama Prospective Cohort for Comprehensive Human Bioscience (the Nagahama Study) conducted between 2013 and 2016. Participants were between 34 and 80 years of age.
All participants underwent axial length (AL; in millimeters), anterior chamber depth (ACD; in millimeters), corneal diameter (white to white; in millimeters), and central corneal thickness (CCT; in micrometers) measurement (IOL Master; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) and refraction (spherical equivalent [SE]; in diopters [D]) and corneal curvature (CC; in millimeters) measurement (ARK-530A; Nidek, Aichi, Japan). Distribution of these ocular biometric parameters and prevalence of myopia, high myopia, and extreme myopia were summarized.
Distribution of ocular biometry and refraction.
After standardization to the national population of 2015, estimates of mean AL and SE were 24.21 mm and -1.44 D, respectively. Estimates of mean CC, corneal diameter, CCT, and ACD were 7.69 mm, 12.01 mm, 543.96 μm, and 3.21 mm, respectively. After standardization of age and gender, the prevalence of myopia (SE, ≤-0.5 D) and high myopia (SE, ≤-6.0 D) were 49.97% and 7.89%, respectively. Approximately 70% of the younger participants (34-59 years of age) showed myopia, whereas high myopia was observed in approximately 10%. Although the number of individuals with myopia or high myopia was higher in the younger age groups, the prevalence of more extreme phenotypes remained stable across all ages, especially in women. Axial length of more than 30 mm was observed only in older women (n = 5 [0.05%]).
We showed detailed distributions of various ocular biometry and refraction parameters using a large general Japanese cohort. Prevalences of myopia and high myopia from 2013 through 2016 were higher than those in earlier studies, which reflects recent environmental change. However, constant prevalence of extreme myopia across all ages suggests high genetic predisposition of the extreme phenotype.
描述日本成年人的眼生物测量和屈光度分布。
前瞻性队列研究的横断面分析。
共有 9850 人参加了 2013 年至 2016 年期间进行的长滨前瞻性综合人类生物科学队列研究（长滨研究）的第一次随访。参与者年龄在 34 至 80 岁之间。
所有参与者均接受眼轴（AL；毫米）、前房深度（ACD；毫米）、角膜直径（白至白；毫米）和中央角膜厚度（CCT；微米）测量（IOL Master；卡尔蔡司 Meditec，都柏林，加利福尼亚州）和屈光度（等效球镜[SE]；屈光度 [D]）和角膜曲率（CC；毫米）测量（ARK-530A；尼德克，爱知县，日本）。总结了这些眼生物测量参数的分布以及近视、高度近视和超高度近视的患病率。
眼生物测量和屈光度分布。
标准化为 2015 年全国人口后，平均 AL 和 SE 的估计值分别为 24.21 毫米和-1.44 D。平均 CC、角膜直径、CCT 和 ACD 的估计值分别为 7.69 毫米、12.01 毫米、543.96 微米和 3.21 毫米。标准化年龄和性别后，近视（SE，≤-0.5 D）和高度近视（SE，≤-6.0 D）的患病率分别为 49.97%和 7.89%。大约 70%的年轻参与者（34-59 岁）患有近视，而高度近视的发病率约为 10%。虽然近视或高度近视的人数在年轻组中较高，但所有年龄段的更极端表型的患病率保持稳定，尤其是在女性中。超过 30 毫米的眼轴仅见于老年女性（n=5[0.05%]）。
我们使用大型日本普通人群队列展示了各种眼生物测量和屈光度参数的详细分布。2013 年至 2016 年的近视和高度近视患病率高于早期研究，这反映了最近环境的变化。然而，所有年龄段的超高度近视的患病率保持不变，这表明该极端表型具有较高的遗传易感性。
