Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Shanghai High School International Division, Shanghai, China.
J Biol Chem. 2024 Mar;300(3):105729. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105729. Epub 2024 Feb 8.
RNase P and RNase mitochondrial RNA processing (MRP) are ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) that consist of a catalytic RNA and a varying number of protein cofactors. RNase P is responsible for precursor tRNA maturation in all three domains of life, while RNase MRP, exclusive to eukaryotes, primarily functions in rRNA biogenesis. While eukaryotic RNase P is associated with more protein cofactors and has an RNA subunit with fewer auxiliary structural elements compared to its bacterial cousin, the double-anchor precursor tRNA recognition mechanism has remarkably been preserved during evolution. RNase MRP shares evolutionary and structural similarities with RNase P, preserving the catalytic core within the RNA moiety inherited from their common ancestor. By incorporating new protein cofactors and RNA elements, RNase MRP has established itself as a distinct RNP capable of processing ssRNA substrates. The structural information on RNase P and MRP helps build an evolutionary trajectory, depicting how emerging protein cofactors harmonize with the evolution of RNA to shape different functions for RNase P and MRP. Here, we outline the structural and functional relationship between RNase P and MRP to illustrate the coevolution of RNA and protein cofactors, a key driver for the extant, diverse RNP world.
核糖核酸酶 P 和线粒体核糖核酸加工酶（MRP）是由催化 RNA 和数量不等的蛋白质辅助因子组成的核糖核蛋白（RNP）。核糖核酸酶 P 负责所有三个生命领域的前体 tRNA 的成熟，而 MRP 酶，仅存在于真核生物中，主要在 rRNA 生物发生中发挥作用。尽管与细菌表亲相比，真核生物的核糖核酸酶 P 与更多的蛋白质辅助因子相关联，并且其 RNA 亚基具有较少的辅助结构元件，但双锚定前体 tRNA 识别机制在进化过程中得到了显著的保留。MRP 酶与 RNase P 具有进化和结构上的相似性，在其从共同祖先继承的 RNA 部分中保留了催化核心。通过整合新的蛋白质辅助因子和 RNA 元件，MRP 酶已确立了自身作为一种独特的 RNP，能够处理 ssRNA 底物。关于 RNase P 和 MRP 的结构信息有助于构建进化轨迹，描绘出新兴的蛋白质辅助因子如何与 RNA 的进化相协调，从而为 RNase P 和 MRP 赋予不同的功能。在这里，我们概述了 RNase P 和 MRP 之间的结构和功能关系，以说明 RNA 和蛋白质辅助因子的共同进化，这是现存多样化 RNP 世界的关键驱动因素。
