Pasanaphong Kitipong, Pukasamsombut Danai, Boonyagul Sani, Pengpanich Sukanya, Tawonsawatruk Tulyapruek, Wilairatanarporn Danuphat, Jantanasakulwong Kittisak, Rachtanapun Pornchai, Hemstapat Ruedee, Wangtueai Sutee, Tanadchangsaeng Nuttapol
College of Biomedical Engineering, Rangsit University, Lak-Hok 12000, Pathumthani, Thailand.
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Nueng 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Feb 1;16(3):418. doi: 10.3390/polym16030418.
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) is an ideal bioink that is commonly used in bioprinting. GelMA is primarily acquired from mammalian sources; however, the required amount makes the market price extremely high. Since garbage overflow is currently a global issue, we hypothesized that fish scales left over from the seafood industry could be used to synthesize GelMA. Clinically, the utilization of fish products is more advantageous than those derived from mammals as they lower the possibility of disease transmission from mammals to humans and are permissible for practitioners of all major religions. In this study, we used gelatin extracted from fish scales and conventional GelMA synthesis methods to synthesize GelMA, then tested it at different concentrations in order to evaluated and compared the mechanical properties and cell responses. The fish scale GelMA had a printing accuracy of 97%, a swelling ratio of 482%, and a compressive strength of about 85 kPa at a 10% / GelMA concentration. Keratinocyte cells (HaCaT cells) were bioprinted with the GelMA bioink to assess cell viability and proliferation. After 72 h of culture, the number of cells increased by almost three-fold compared to 24 h, as indicated by many fluorescent cell nuclei. Based on this finding, it is possible to use fish scale GelMA bioink as a scaffold to support and enhance cell viability and proliferation. Therefore, we conclude that fish scale-based GelMA has the potential to be used as an alternative biomaterial for a wide range of biomedical applications.
甲基丙烯酰化明胶（GelMA）是一种常用于生物打印的理想生物墨水。GelMA主要从哺乳动物来源获取；然而，所需数量使得市场价格极高。由于垃圾泛滥目前是一个全球性问题，我们推测海产品行业剩余的鱼鳞可用于合成GelMA。临床上，使用鱼类产品比使用哺乳动物来源的产品更具优势，因为它们降低了疾病从哺乳动物传播给人类的可能性，并且所有主要宗教的从业者都可以使用。在本研究中，我们使用从鱼鳞中提取的明胶和传统的GelMA合成方法来合成GelMA，然后在不同浓度下对其进行测试，以评估和比较其机械性能和细胞反应。在10%/GelMA浓度下，鱼鳞GelMA的打印精度为97%，溶胀率为482%，抗压强度约为85 kPa。用GelMA生物墨水对角质形成细胞（HaCaT细胞）进行生物打印，以评估细胞活力和增殖情况。培养72小时后，与24小时相比，细胞数量增加了近三倍，许多荧光细胞核表明了这一点。基于这一发现，鱼鳞GelMA生物墨水有可能用作支架来支持和增强细胞活力及增殖。因此，我们得出结论，基于鱼鳞的GelMA有潜力用作广泛生物医学应用的替代生物材料。
