Fogacci Federica, Di Micoli Valentina, Sabouret Pierre, Giovannini Marina, Cicero Arrigo F G
Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy.
INSERM UMRS_1166, Cardiology Institute, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), ACTION Study Group, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France.
J Clin Med. 2024 Jan 28;13(3):751. doi: 10.3390/jcm13030751.
Lipoprotein(Lp)(a) is a variant of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), bound to apolipoprotein B100, whose levels are associated with a significant increase in the risk of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular events, but also to aortic stenosis and atrial fibrillation. Since plasma levels of Lp(a) are commonly considered resistant to lifestyle changes, we critically reviewed the available evidence on the effect of weight loss, dietary supplements, and physical activity on this risk factor. In our review, we observed that relevant body weight loss, a relatively high intake of saturated fatty acids, the consumption of red wine, and intense physical exercise seems to be associated with significantly lower plasma Lp(a) levels. On the contrary, foods rich in trans-unsaturated fatty acids are associated with increased Lp(a) levels. With regard to dietary supplements, coenzyme Q10, L-Carnitine, and flaxseed exert a mild but significant lowering effect on plasma Lp(a).
脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]是一种与载脂蛋白B100结合的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)变体，其水平与动脉粥样硬化相关心血管事件风险的显著增加有关，也与主动脉瓣狭窄和心房颤动有关。由于血浆Lp(a)水平通常被认为对生活方式改变具有抗性，我们严格审查了关于体重减轻、膳食补充剂和体育活动对这一危险因素影响的现有证据。在我们的综述中，我们观察到，相关的体重减轻、相对较高的饱和脂肪酸摄入量、饮用红酒以及高强度体育锻炼似乎与显著降低的血浆Lp(a)水平相关。相反，富含反式不饱和脂肪酸的食物与Lp(a)水平升高有关。关于膳食补充剂，辅酶Q10、左旋肉碱和亚麻籽对血浆Lp(a)有轻微但显著的降低作用。
