Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Regulatory and Nutritional Compliance, Mars Petcare, Franklin, TN 37067, USA.
Nutrients. 2024 Jan 24;16(3):339. doi: 10.3390/nu16030339.
Studies have attempted to demonstrate the benefits of silicon on bone health using a wide range of Si amounts-provided in the diet or through supplementation-and several different animal species. Previous studies in humans have also demonstrated a positive correlation between Si intake and bone health measures. The aim of the current review is to determine the effective levels of Si intake or supplementation that influence bone health to better inform future study designs and guidelines. Articles were identified using one of two search terms: "silicon AND bone" or "sodium zeolite A AND bone". Articles were included if the article was a controlled research study on the effect of Si on bone health and/or mineral metabolism and was in English. Articles were excluded if the article included human subjects, was in vitro, or studied silica grafts for bone injuries. Silicon type, group name, Si intake from diet, Si supplementation amount, animal, and age at the start were extracted when available. Dietary Si intake, Si supplementation amount, and the amount of Si standardized on a kg BW basis were calculated and presented as overall mean ± standard deviations, medians, minimums, and maximums. Studies that left out animal weights, amount of food or water consumed, or nutrient profiles of the basal diet were excluded from these calculations. Standardized Si intakes ranged from 0.003 to 863 mg/kg BW, at times vastly exceeding current human Si intake recommendations (25 mg/d). The lack of data provided by the literature made definitively determining an effective threshold of supplementation for skeletal health difficult. However, it appears that Si consistently positively influences bone and mineral metabolism by around 139 mg Si/kg BW/d, which is likely unfeasible to attain in humans and large animal species. Future studies should examine this proposed threshold more directly and standardize supplemental or dietary Si intakes to kg BW for better study replication and translation.
研究试图通过使用各种不同的硅剂量（饮食中提供或通过补充）和几种不同的动物物种，来证明硅对骨骼健康的益处。以前在人类中的研究也表明，硅的摄入量与骨骼健康测量之间存在正相关关系。本综述的目的是确定影响骨骼健康的有效硅摄入量或补充量，以便更好地为未来的研究设计和指南提供信息。使用以下两个搜索词之一来确定文章：“硅和骨骼”或“沸石 A 和骨骼”。如果文章是关于硅对骨骼健康和/或矿物质代谢影响的对照研究，并且是英文的，则将其包括在内。如果文章包含人类受试者、在体外进行或研究硅烷接枝用于骨骼损伤，则将其排除在外。当有可用信息时，提取硅类型、组名、饮食中的硅摄入量、硅补充量、动物和开始时的年龄。计算并以总体平均值±标准偏差、中位数、最小值和最大值的形式呈现饮食中的硅摄入量、硅补充量和以公斤体重为基础标准化的硅量。从这些计算中排除了未列出动物体重、消耗的食物或水量或基础饮食的营养概况的研究。标准化的硅摄入量范围从 0.003 到 863 毫克/公斤体重，有时大大超过当前人类的硅摄入量建议（25 毫克/天）。文献提供的数据不足，使得确定骨骼健康补充的有效阈值变得困难。然而，似乎硅通过大约 139 毫克硅/公斤体重/天持续积极地影响骨骼和矿物质代谢，这在人类和大型动物物种中可能是不可行的。未来的研究应该更直接地检查这个建议的阈值，并将补充或饮食中的硅摄入量标准化为公斤体重，以更好地进行研究复制和转化。
