Negrut Nicoleta, Menegas Georgios, Kampioti Sofia, Bourelou Maria, Kopanyi Francesca, Hassan Faiso Dahir, Asowed Anamaria, Taleouine Fatima Zohra, Ferician Anca, Marian Paula
Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania.
Department of Orthopaedics, Achillopouleio General Hospital of Volos, Polymeri 134, 38222 Volos, Greece.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Jan 24;14(3):244. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14030244.
(1) Background: COVID-19 was responsible for the latest pandemic, shaking and reshaping healthcare systems worldwide. Its late clinical manifestations make it linger in medical memory as a debilitating illness over extended periods. (2) Methods: the recent literature was systematically analyzed to categorize and examine the symptomatology and pathophysiology of Long COVID across various bodily systems, including pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neuropsychiatric, dermatological, renal, hematological, and endocrinological aspects. (3) Results: The review outlines the diverse clinical manifestations of Long COVID across multiple systems, emphasizing its complexity and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Factors such as pre-existing conditions, initial COVID-19 severity, vaccination status, gender, and age were identified as influential in the manifestation and persistence of Long COVID symptoms. This condition is highlighted as a debilitating disease capable of enduring over an extended period and presenting new symptoms over time. (4) Conclusions: Long COVID emerges as a condition with intricate multi-systemic involvement, complicating its diagnosis and treatment. The findings underscore the necessity for a nuanced understanding of its diverse manifestations to effectively manage and address the evolving nature of this condition over time.
（1）背景：新冠病毒引发了最近的这场大流行，震动并重塑了全球医疗体系。其后期临床表现使其作为一种使人衰弱的疾病在医学记忆中长时间挥之不去。（2）方法：系统分析近期文献，对新冠后长期症状在各个身体系统中的症状学和病理生理学进行分类和研究，包括肺部、心血管、胃肠道、神经精神、皮肤、肾脏、血液和内分泌等方面。（3）结果：该综述概述了新冠后长期症状在多个系统中的多样临床表现，强调了其在诊断和治疗方面的复杂性和挑战。已确定诸如基础疾病、初始新冠病情严重程度、疫苗接种状况、性别和年龄等因素对新冠后长期症状的表现和持续存在有影响。这种情况被视为一种能长期存在并随时间出现新症状的使人衰弱的疾病。（4）结论：新冠后长期症状是一种涉及多个系统的复杂病症，其诊断和治疗变得复杂。研究结果强调，有必要细致了解其多样表现，以便随着时间的推移有效管理和应对这一病症不断变化的特性。
