Kim Taeyun, Chae Yu-Kyung, Nam Sung-Jin, Lee Haeyoung, Hwang Sang-Suk, Park Eun-Kee, Ahn Yeh-Chan, Oak Chulho
Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Jan 29;14(3):292. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14030292.
(1) Background: An early mesothelial reaction of the pleura, leading to fibrosis, has been reported in animals after chemical or heavy metal exposure. However, the visual monitoring of early time-sequential mesothelial reaction-associated cryoinjury has not been fully investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and visualize the early mesothelial reactions seen following cryoinjury using rabbit pleura. (2) Methods: We monitored the early mesothelial reaction in rabbit pleurae after cryoinjury using optical coherence tomography (OCT), in real-time, which was then compared with pathological images. Due to the penetration limit of OCT, we made a thoracic window to image the parietal and visceral pleurae in vivo. We also used an innovative technique for capturing the microstructure in vivo, employing a computer-controlled intermittent iso-pressure breath hold to reduce respiratory motion, increasing the resolution of OCT. We organized three sample groups: the normal group, the sham group with just a thoracic window, and the experimental group with a thoracic window and cryotherapy. In the experimental group, localized cryoinjury was performed. The mesothelial cells at the level of pleura of the cryotherapy-injured site were visualized by OCT within the first 30 min and then again after 2 days at the same site. (3) Results: In the experimental group, focal thickening of the parietal pleura was observed at the site of cryoinjury using OCT after the first injury, and it was then confirmed pathologically as focal mesothelial cell proliferation. Two days after cryoinjury, diffuse mesothelial cell proliferation in the parietal pleura was noted on the reverse side around the cryoinjured site in the same rabbit. In the sham group, no pleural reaction was found. The OCT and pathological examinations revealed different patterns of mesothelial cell reactions between the parietal and visceral pleurae: the focal proliferation of mesothelial cells was found in the parietal pleura, while only a morphological change from flat cells to cuboidal cells and a thickened monolayer without proliferation of mesothelial cells were found in the visceral pleural. (4) Conclusions: An early mesothelial reaction occurs following cryoinjury to the parietal and visceral pleurae.
(1) 背景：在动物接触化学物质或重金属后，已报道胸膜会出现早期间皮反应并导致纤维化。然而，对于与冷冻损伤相关的早期时间序列间皮反应的可视化监测尚未得到充分研究。因此，本研究旨在使用兔胸膜评估并可视化冷冻损伤后出现的早期间皮反应。(2) 方法：我们使用光学相干断层扫描（OCT）实时监测兔胸膜冷冻损伤后的早期间皮反应，然后将其与病理图像进行比较。由于OCT的穿透极限，我们制作了一个胸部窗口以在体内对壁层和脏层胸膜进行成像。我们还采用了一种创新技术来在体内捕获微观结构，即采用计算机控制的间歇性等压屏气以减少呼吸运动，提高OCT的分辨率。我们组织了三个样本组：正常组、仅制作胸部窗口的假手术组以及制作胸部窗口并进行冷冻治疗的实验组。在实验组中，进行了局部冷冻损伤。在冷冻治疗损伤部位的胸膜水平的间皮细胞在最初30分钟内通过OCT可视化，然后在2天后在同一部位再次进行可视化。(3) 结果：在实验组中，首次损伤后使用OCT在冷冻损伤部位观察到壁层胸膜局灶性增厚，随后经病理证实为局灶性间皮细胞增殖。冷冻损伤2天后，在同一只兔子的冷冻损伤部位周围的壁层胸膜背侧观察到弥漫性间皮细胞增殖。在假手术组中，未发现胸膜反应。OCT和病理检查揭示了壁层和脏层胸膜之间间皮细胞反应的不同模式：壁层胸膜中发现间皮细胞局灶性增殖，而在脏层胸膜中仅发现从扁平细胞到立方细胞的形态变化以及单层增厚但无间皮细胞增殖。(4) 结论：壁层和脏层胸膜冷冻损伤后会出现早期间皮反应。
