Wang Ling, Zhang Xiaoyan, Yang Ziyi, Wang Binquan, Gong Hongyang, Zhang Ke, Lin Yi, Sun Mingkuan
The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
Transl Neurodegener. 2024 Dec 6;13(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s40035-024-00453-6.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles originating from different cells within the brain. The pathophysiological role of EVs in neurodegenerative diseases is progressively acknowledged. This field has advanced from basic biological research to essential clinical significance. The capacity to selectively enrich specific subsets of EVs from biofluids via distinctive surface markers has opened new avenues for molecular understandings across various tissues and organs, notably in the brain. In recent years, brain-derived EVs have been extensively investigated as biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and drug-delivery vehicles for neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides a brief overview of the characteristics and physiological functions of the various classes of EVs, focusing on the biological mechanisms by which various types of brain-derived EVs mediate the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Concurrently, novel therapeutic approaches and challenges for the use of EVs as delivery vehicles are delineated.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是源自脑内不同细胞的膜性囊泡。EVs在神经退行性疾病中的病理生理作用逐渐得到认可。该领域已从基础生物学研究发展到具有重要临床意义。通过独特的表面标志物从生物流体中选择性富集特定亚型EVs的能力，为跨组织和器官，尤其是脑的分子认识开辟了新途径。近年来，脑源性EVs作为神经退行性疾病的生物标志物、治疗靶点和药物递送载体受到了广泛研究。本文综述简要概述了各类EVs的特征和生理功能，重点关注不同类型脑源性EVs介导神经退行性疾病发生发展的生物学机制。同时，还阐述了将EVs用作递送载体的新型治疗方法和挑战。
