Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 1;25(3):1737. doi: 10.3390/ijms25031737.
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has represented a breakthrough in the treatment of many cancers, although a high number of patients fail to respond to ICIs, which is partially due to the ability of tumor cells to evade immune system surveillance. Non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to modulate the immune evasion of tumor cells, and there is thus growing interest in elucidating whether these miRNAs could be targetable or proposed as novel biomarkers for prognosis and treatment response to ICIs. We therefore performed an extensive literature analysis to evaluate the clinical utility of miRNAs with a confirmed direct relationship with treatment response to ICIs. As a result of this systematic review, we have stratified the miRNA landscape into (i) miRNAs whose levels directly modulate response to ICIs, (ii) miRNAs whose expression is modulated by ICIs, and (iii) miRNAs that directly elicit toxic effects or participate in immune-related adverse events (irAEs) caused by ICIs.
免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICIs) 的出现代表了许多癌症治疗的突破，尽管许多患者对 ICI 没有反应，这部分是由于肿瘤细胞逃避免疫系统监测的能力。非编码 microRNAs (miRNAs) 已被证明可以调节肿瘤细胞的免疫逃逸，因此人们越来越感兴趣地阐明这些 miRNAs 是否可以作为靶向治疗或作为新的生物标志物来预测对 ICI 的治疗反应。因此，我们进行了广泛的文献分析，以评估与 ICI 治疗反应有明确直接关系的 miRNAs 的临床应用。通过这项系统评价，我们将 miRNA 景观分为 (i) 直接调节对 ICI 反应的 miRNA，(ii) 其表达受 ICI 调节的 miRNA，以及 (iii) 直接引起毒性作用或参与免疫相关不良事件 (irAEs) 的 miRNA由 ICI 引起的。
