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白皮和红皮苹果果实的转录组分析揭示了与花色苷生物合成调控相关的新基因。

Transcriptome Analysis of White- and Red-Fleshed Apple Fruits Uncovered Novel Genes Related to the Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis.

机构信息

The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3-go Maja, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.

Yantai Academy of Agricultural Science, Gangechengxida Street No 26, Fushan District, Yantai 265500, China.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 1;25(3):1778. doi: 10.3390/ijms25031778.

DOI:10.3390/ijms25031778
PMID:38339057
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10855924/
Abstract

The red flesh coloration of apples is a result of a biochemical pathway involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins. Based on apple genome analysis, a high number of regulatory genes, mainly transcription factors such as MYB, which are components of regulatory complex MYB-bHLH-WD40, and several structural genes (, , , , , , , ) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, have been identified. In this study, we investigated novel genes related to the red-flesh apple phenotype. These genes could be deemed molecular markers for the early selection of new apple cultivars. Based on a comparative transcriptome analysis of apples with different fruit-flesh coloration, we successfully identified and characterized ten potential genes from the plant hormone transduction pathway of auxin (); cytokinins (); gibberellins (); abscisic acid ( and ); brassinosteroids (, and ); jasmonic acid (); and salicylic acid (). An analysis of expression profiles was performed in immature and ripe fruits of red-fleshed cultivars. We have uncovered genes mediating the regulation of abscisic acid, salicylic acid, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid signaling and described their role in anthocyanin biosynthesis, accumulation, and degradation. The presented results underline the relationship between genes from the hormone signal transduction pathway and genes, which are directly responsible for anthocyanin color transformation as well as anthocyanin accumulation during apple-fruit ripening.

摘要

苹果的红色果肉颜色是参与花色苷和花色素生物合成的生化途径的结果。基于苹果基因组分析，已经鉴定出大量调节基因，主要是转录因子如 MYB，它们是调节复合物 MYB-bHLH-WD40 的组成部分，以及几个参与花色苷生物合成的结构基因（、、、、、、、）。在这项研究中，我们研究了与红色果肉苹果表型相关的新基因。这些基因可以被视为新苹果品种早期选择的分子标记。基于不同果肉颜色苹果的比较转录组分析，我们成功地从植物激素转导途径（生长素（）；细胞分裂素（）；赤霉素（）；脱落酸（和）；油菜素内酯（、和）；茉莉酸（）；和水杨酸（））中鉴定和表征了十个潜在的基因。在红色果肉品种的未成熟和成熟果实中进行了表达谱分析。我们发现了调节脱落酸、水杨酸、细胞分裂素和茉莉酸信号转导的基因，并描述了它们在花色苷生物合成、积累和降解中的作用。所呈现的结果强调了激素信号转导途径和基因之间的关系，这些基因直接负责苹果果实成熟过程中花色苷颜色转变以及花色苷的积累。

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