Department of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 2;25(3):1837. doi: 10.3390/ijms25031837.
Arterial hypertension is one of the most common and significant cardiovascular risk factors. There are many well-known and identified risk factors for its development. In recent times, there has been growing concern about the potential impact of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system and its relation to arterial hypertension. Various theories have been developed that suggest a connection between COVID-19 and elevated blood pressure. However, the precise link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the long-term risk of developing hypertension remains insufficiently explored. Therefore, the primary objective of our study was to investigate the influence of COVID-19 infection on blood pressure elevation and the subsequent risk of developing arterial hypertension over an extended period. To accomplish this, we conducted a thorough search review of relevant papers in the PubMed and SCOPUS databases up to 3 September 2023. Our analysis encompassed a total of 30 eligible articles. Out of the 30 papers we reviewed, 19 of them provided substantial evidence showing a heightened risk of developing arterial hypertension following COVID-19 infection. Eight of the studies showed that blood pressure values increased after the infection, while three of the qualified studies did not report any notable impact of COVID-19 on blood pressure levels. The precise mechanism behind the development of hypertension after COVID-19 remains unclear, but it is suggested that endothelial injury and dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may be contributory. Additionally, changes in blood pressure following COVID-19 infection could be linked to lifestyle alterations that often occur alongside the illness. Our findings emphasize the pressing requirement for thorough research into the relationship between COVID-19 and hypertension. These insights are essential for the development of effective prevention and management approaches for individuals who have experienced COVID-19 infection.
动脉高血压是最常见和最重要的心血管危险因素之一。有许多众所周知和已确定的危险因素会导致其发展。最近，人们越来越关注 COVID-19 对心血管系统的潜在影响及其与动脉高血压的关系。各种理论表明 COVID-19 与血压升高之间存在关联。然而，SARS-CoV-2 感染与长期高血压风险之间的确切联系仍未得到充分探索。因此，我们的主要研究目标是调查 COVID-19 感染对血压升高的影响，以及随后在较长时间内发展为动脉高血压的风险。为此，我们对截至 2023 年 9 月 3 日在 PubMed 和 SCOPUS 数据库中相关文献进行了全面搜索回顾。我们的分析共纳入了 30 篇符合条件的文章。在我们回顾的 30 篇论文中，有 19 篇提供了大量证据表明 COVID-19 感染后发生动脉高血压的风险增加。其中 8 项研究表明感染后血压值升高，而 3 项合格研究则未报告 COVID-19 对血压水平有任何显著影响。COVID-19 后高血压发展的确切机制尚不清楚，但据推测，内皮损伤和肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统功能障碍可能起作用。此外，COVID-19 感染后血压的变化可能与疾病常伴随的生活方式改变有关。我们的研究结果强调了深入研究 COVID-19 与高血压之间关系的迫切需要。这些见解对于开发针对 COVID-19 感染个体的有效预防和管理方法至关重要。
