Improving Vehicle Heading Angle Accuracy Based on Dual-Antenna GNSS/INS/Barometer Integration Using Adaptive Kalman Filter.

High-accuracy heading angle is significant for estimating autonomous vehicle attitude. By integrating GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) dual antennas, INS (Inertial Navigation System), and a barometer, a GNSS/INS/Barometer fusion method is proposed to improve vehicle heading angle accuracy. An adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) is designed to fuse the INS error and the GNSS measurement. A random sample consensus (RANSAC) method is proposed to improve the initial heading angle accuracy applied to the INS update. The GNSS heading angle obtained by a dual-antenna orientation algorithm is additionally augmented to the measurement variable. Furthermore, the kinematic constraint of zero velocity in the lateral and vertical directions of vehicle movement is used to enhance the accuracy of the measurement model. The heading errors in the open and occluded environment are 0.5418° (RMS) and 0.636° (RMS), which represent reductions of 37.62% and 47.37% compared to the extended Kalman filter (EKF) method, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively improves the vehicle heading angle accuracy.