A Fuzzy-Innovation-Based Adaptive Kalman Filterfor Enhanced Vehicle Positioning in DenseUrban Environments.

In this paper, a fuzzy-innovation based adaptive extended Kalman filter (FI-AKF)is proposed to improve the performance of the GNSS/INS fusion system, which is degradeddue to satellite signal cutoff and attenuation and inaccurate modeling in dense urbanenvironments. The information used for sensor fusion is obtained from real-time kinematic (RTK),micro-electro-mechanical system based inertial measumrement unit (MEMS-IMU), and on-boarddiagnostics (OBD). The fuzzy logic system is proposed to adaptively update the measurementcovariance matrix of the RTK according to the position dilution of precision (PDOP), the numberof receivable satellites, and the innovation of the extended Kalman filter (EKF). In addition, thedriving state of the vehicle is defined as stop, straight run, left/right turn, and the like. To reduce theheading estimation error of the Kalman filter, the estimated heading is corrected according to thedriving state. Also, the measurement covariance matrices of IMU and OBD are applied adaptivelyconsidering the characteristics of each sensor according to the driving state. In order to analyze theperformance of the proposed FI-AKF positioning system in a dense urban environment, a computersimulation is performed. The proposed FI-AKF is compared to the performance of the existingextended Kalman filter and the innovation-based adaptive extended Kalman filter. In addition, weconduct a performance comparison experiment with a commercial positioning system in the field test.Through each experiment, it is confirmed that the proposed FI-AKF system has higher positioningperformance than the comparison positioning systems in a dense urban environment.