全科医生对社区老年人听力损失筛查的知识、态度和实践：中国上海的一项横断面研究

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of General Practitioners Toward Screening of Age-Related Hearing Loss in Community: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shanghai, China.

作者信息

Ge Jianli, Li Huazhang, Ren Guangwei, Sun Xiaoming, Jiang Hua

机构信息

Department of General Practice, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.

Department of Science and Education, Shanghai Guangming Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, 201399, People's Republic of China.

出版信息

J Multidiscip Healthc. 2024 Feb 7;17:557-571. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S447040. eCollection 2024.

DOI:10.2147/JMDH.S447040

PMID:38343755

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10859087/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is experiencing a continuously rising in prevalence among the elderly worldwide. General practitioners (GPs) may have a unique position in its community detection and management.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the KAP of GPs regarding ARHL through questionnaire, to investigate the role of them in the management and to propose strategies for the hearing screening within the community.

METHODS

An online survey was administered to 1173 GPs, selected from 56 community health centers (CHCs) in Shanghai during April to June 2022. A scale endorsed by a panel of multidisciplinary experts was used to assess knowledge (7 items), attitudes (12 items), and practice (10 items). A mean score was computed and converted into a scale ranging from 0 to 100. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for potential predictors of higher levels of KAP scores (with mean value as a cutoff point) through logistic modelling.

RESULTS

A total of 1022 GPs completed the questionnaire with response rate 87.13%. The average scores are 69.90 ± 32.27, 66.09 ± 7.15, and 59.89 ± 21.99 for Knowledge, attitude, and practice, respectively. 24.3% of participants achieve a complete score of knowledge, whereas 5.48% receive zero. 11.6% consider ARHL as not a disease. Above 30.0% are not familiar with the screening tool. 10.8% refuse to undergo hearing screening. Higher levels of compliance in practice are found in the participants with higher levels of knowledge (OR=1.409, p=0.000) and more favorable attitude (OR=1.028, p=0.000). Male (OR=0.708, p=0.036) is associated with lower levels of attitudes.

CONCLUSION

GPs have a low level of ARHL knowledge, a lack of positive attitude towards the detection and management of it, and lower awareness in practice. Further research is required to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the attitudes held by GPs and explore more accessibility strategies.

摘要

背景

全球范围内，老年人群中与年龄相关的听力损失（ARHL）患病率持续上升。全科医生（GPs）在社区中对其进行检测和管理方面可能具有独特地位。

目的

本研究旨在通过问卷调查评估全科医生对ARHL的知识、态度和实践（KAP），调查他们在管理中的作用，并提出社区听力筛查策略。

方法

2022年4月至6月期间，对从上海56个社区卫生中心（CHCs）选取的1173名全科医生进行了在线调查。使用多学科专家小组认可的量表来评估知识（7项）、态度（12项）和实践（10项）。计算平均得分并转换为0至100的量表。通过逻辑建模计算KAP得分较高水平（以平均值为切点）的潜在预测因素的比值比（ORs）。

结果

共有1022名全科医生完成问卷，回复率为87.13%。知识、态度和实践的平均得分分别为69.90±32.27、66.09±7.15和59.89±21.99。24.3%的参与者知识得满分，而5.48%得零分。11.6%的人认为ARHL不是一种疾病。超过30.0%的人不熟悉筛查工具。10.8%的人拒绝接受听力筛查。知识水平较高（OR=1.409，p=0.000）和态度更积极（OR=１.028，p=0.000）的参与者在实践中的依从性更高。男性（OR=0.708，p=0.036）与较低的态度水平相关。