Tigano Anna, Weir Tyler, Ward Hillary G M, Gale Marika Kirstin, Wong Carmen M, Eliason Erika J, Miller Kristina M, Hinch Scott G, Russello Michael A
Department of Biology The University of British Columbia Kelowna British Columbia Canada.
Fish and Wildlife Branch British Columbia Ministry of Forests Victoria British Columbia Canada.
Evol Appl. 2023 Oct 27;17(2):e13602. doi: 10.1111/eva.13602. eCollection 2024 Feb.
Understanding the adaptive potential of populations and species is pivotal for minimizing the loss of biodiversity in this era of rapid climate change. Adaptive potential has been estimated in various ways, including based on levels of standing genetic variation, presence of potentially beneficial alleles, and/or the severity of environmental change. Kokanee salmon, the non-migratory ecotype of sockeye salmon (), is culturally and economically important and has already been impacted by the effects of climate change. To assess its climate vulnerability moving forward, we integrated analyses of standing genetic variation, genotype-environment associations, and climate modeling based on sequence and structural genomic variation from 224 whole genomes sampled from 22 lakes in British Columbia and Yukon (Canada). We found that variables for extreme temperatures, particularly warmer temperatures, had the most pervasive signature of selection in the genome and were the strongest predictors of levels of standing variation and of putatively adaptive genomic variation, both sequence and structural. Genomic offset estimates, a measure of climate vulnerability, were significantly correlated with higher increases in extreme warm temperatures, further highlighting the risk of summer heat waves that are predicted to increase in frequency in the future. Levels of standing genetic variation, an important metric for population viability and resilience, were not correlated with genomic offset. Nonetheless, our combined approach highlights the importance of integrating different sources of information and genomic data to formulate more comprehensive and accurate predictions on the vulnerability of populations and species to future climate change.
在这个气候变化迅速的时代，了解种群和物种的适应潜力对于将生物多样性的损失降至最低至关重要。适应潜力已经通过多种方式进行了估计，包括基于现有遗传变异水平、潜在有益等位基因的存在以及/或者环境变化的严重程度。红大马哈鱼的非洄游生态型——红大麻哈鱼，在文化和经济方面都很重要，并且已经受到气候变化的影响。为了评估其未来的气候脆弱性，我们整合了对现有遗传变异、基因型与环境关联的分析，以及基于从加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省和育空地区22个湖泊采集的224个全基因组的序列和结构基因组变异的气候建模。我们发现，极端温度变量，尤其是较高温度，在基因组中具有最普遍的选择特征，并且是现有变异水平以及假定的适应性基因组变异（包括序列和结构变异）水平的最强预测因子。基因组偏移估计值是一种气候脆弱性衡量指标，与极端温暖温度的更高升高显著相关，这进一步凸显了预计未来频率会增加的夏季热浪的风险。现有遗传变异水平是种群生存力和恢复力的一个重要指标，与基因组偏移没有相关性。尽管如此，我们的综合方法凸显了整合不同信息来源和基因组数据以对种群和物种未来气候变化脆弱性做出更全面、准确预测的重要性。
