Department of Health Education and Promotion, Environmental Health Science Program, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2024 Jul;80(7):3140-3148. doi: 10.1002/ps.8018. Epub 2024 Feb 21.
Ultra-low volume (ULV) space sprays aerosolize insecticide formulated products (FP) to contact flying mosquitoes, while barrier sprays expose mosquitoes to FP residue on vegetation and other surfaces. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassays used to assess insecticide resistance are based on residual active ingredient (AI) exposure and do not directly relate to FP efficacy. The current pilot study developed a novel compact wind tunnel for mosquito exposure to FP. Caged Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens/quinquefasciatus were exposed to undiluted Biomist®3 + 15 FP (permethrin AI) or air (control) within the wind tunnel, transferred to new cages, and held in a 28 °C incubator. Separate mosquitoes were exposed to residual permethrin AI (8 μg mL) in bottle bioassays. Mortality was monitored 15, 30, 60, and 120 min post-exposure.
Chi-square tests (P < 0.05) showed significantly higher mortality in Aedes compared to Culex populations for most time points in both bioassay and wind tunnel exposure groups. As expected, mosquitoes exposed to Biomist®3 + 15 showed higher mortality rates than bottle bioassay exposure to permethrin. Two Culex colonies resistant to permethrin in bottle bioassays were susceptible to Biomist®3 + 15 in the wind tunnel.
The novel compact wind tunnel developed here may be an alternative to field trials for testing FP efficacy, avoiding factors such as weather, logistical planning, and extended personnel hours. The wind tunnel could allow programs to conveniently test efficacy of multiple FP. Comparisons of different insecticide exposure methods provide practical information to inform operational decisions. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
超低容量（ULV）空间喷雾将杀虫剂配方产品（FP）雾化，以接触飞行中的蚊子，而屏障喷雾则使蚊子接触植被和其他表面上的 FP 残留。用于评估杀虫剂抗性的疾病控制与预防中心瓶生物测定法基于残留有效成分（AI）暴露，而与 FP 功效没有直接关系。目前的试点研究开发了一种新型紧凑型风洞，用于蚊子接触 FP。在风洞中，笼养的白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊被暴露于未经稀释的 Biomist®3+15 FP（氯菊酯 AI）或空气（对照）中，然后转移到新的笼子中，并在 28°C 的孵育箱中保持。单独的蚊子暴露于残留的氯菊酯 AI（8μg·mL）中，进行瓶生物测定。在暴露后 15、30、60 和 120 分钟监测死亡率。
卡方检验（P<0.05）表明，在生物测定和风洞暴露组中，大多数时间点的白纹伊蚊种群死亡率明显高于致倦库蚊种群。正如预期的那样，暴露于 Biomist®3+15 的蚊子死亡率高于暴露于瓶生物测定法中的氯菊酯。在瓶生物测定法中对氯菊酯具有抗性的两个致倦库蚊品系在风洞中对 Biomist®3+15 敏感。
这里开发的新型紧凑型风洞可能是测试 FP 功效的田间试验的替代方法，避免了天气、后勤规划和延长人员工作时间等因素。风洞可以使计划方便地测试多种 FP 的功效。不同杀虫剂暴露方法的比较提供了实用信息，以告知操作决策。 © 2024 作者。害虫管理科学由约翰威立父子公司代表化学工业协会出版。
