Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil.
Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2024 Apr;41(4):365-384. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2315140. Epub 2024 Feb 12.
Brazil plays an important role in ensuring its position on the international market by assuring high food safety standards for its products, and all products should meet the requirements for residues from veterinary drugs and contaminants in animal products. Statutory monitoring provides insights into the compliance of the Brazilian industry regarding these legal requirements. The objective of this study was to provide insight into the safety of Brazilian animal products by reporting the occurrence of residues from veterinary drugs and contaminants according to an analysis of an 11-year report published by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA). Between 2010 and 2021, 166,647 samples from animal-derived products were analyzed in Brazil, and 624 of those samples were non-compliant (0.37%) exceeding maximum residue limits (>MRLs) or showed the presence of prohibited substances. The most common types of substances found in the non-compliant samples were heavy metals, parasiticides, and antimicrobials, accounting for 82% of all documents from the MAPA. Among Brazilian products, the challenge related to occurrence of substances varied across the food supply chain, with highest incidence rates observed in the fish chain, followed by eggs, milk, equids, sheep/goat, honey, bovine, swine, and broilers chains in decreasing order. Considering the type of substance, heavy metals were found to be more prevalent in fish products, mainly arsenic in wild fish. The prevalence of contaminants and heavy metals decreased, while that of veterinary drugs increased in Brazilian products from 2010 to 2021. From these results, it can be concluded that the number of accidental incidents including those associated with environmental contaminants decreased over the last decade, opposed to those involving human adversaries and deliberate illegal actions, such as the abuse of veterinary drugs, increased. Future monitoring plans need to take this paradigm shift into account.
巴西通过确保其产品的高食品安全标准，在确保其在国际市场上的地位方面发挥着重要作用，所有产品都应符合动物产品中兽药残留和污染物的要求。法定监测提供了巴西工业遵守这些法律要求的合规性的见解。本研究的目的是根据巴西农业部、畜牧业和粮食供应部（MAPA）发布的 11 年报告的分析，报告兽药和污染物残留的发生情况，从而了解巴西动物产品的安全性。2010 年至 2021 年，巴西对 166,647 份动物源性产品进行了分析，其中 624 份样品不合格（0.37%），超过了最大残留限量（>MRLs）或显示存在禁用物质。在不合格样品中发现的最常见物质类型是重金属、杀虫剂和抗生素，占 MAPA 所有文件的 82%。在巴西产品中，与物质发生相关的挑战在整个食品供应链中有所不同，鱼类链的发生率最高，其次是鸡蛋、牛奶、马、绵羊/山羊、蜂蜜、牛、猪和肉鸡链，依次递减。考虑到物质的类型，重金属在鱼类产品中更为普遍，主要是野生鱼类中的砷。2010 年至 2021 年，巴西产品中污染物和重金属的流行率下降，而兽药的流行率上升。从这些结果可以得出结论，在过去十年中，包括与环境污染物有关的意外事件的数量有所减少，而涉及人类对手和故意非法行为（如滥用兽药）的事件则有所增加。未来的监测计划需要考虑到这一范式转变。
