"Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Acta Neuropathol. 2024 Feb 12;147(1):38. doi: 10.1007/s00401-024-02695-0.
Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are often associated with vascular disturbances or inflammation and frequently both. Consequently, endothelial cells and macrophages are key cellular players that mediate pathology in many CNS diseases. Macrophages in the brain consist of the CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs) [also referred to as border-associated macrophages (BAMs)] and microglia, both of which are close neighbours or even form direct contacts with endothelial cells in microvessels. Recent progress has revealed that different macrophage populations in the CNS and a subset of brain endothelial cells are derived from the same erythromyeloid progenitor cells. Macrophages and endothelial cells share several common features in their life cycle-from invasion into the CNS early during embryonic development and proliferation in the CNS, to their demise. In adults, microglia and CAMs have been implicated in regulating the patency and diameter of vessels, blood flow, the tightness of the blood-brain barrier, the removal of vascular calcification, and the life-time of brain endothelial cells. Conversely, CNS endothelial cells may affect the polarization and activation state of myeloid populations. The molecular mechanisms governing the pas de deux of brain macrophages and endothelial cells are beginning to be deciphered and will be reviewed here.
中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病通常与血管紊乱或炎症有关，而且往往两者兼而有之。因此，内皮细胞和巨噬细胞是介导许多中枢神经系统疾病病理的关键细胞。大脑中的巨噬细胞包括中枢神经系统相关巨噬细胞（CAMs）[也称为边界相关巨噬细胞（BAMs）]和小胶质细胞，它们都与微血管内皮细胞密切相邻，甚至形成直接接触。最近的研究进展揭示了中枢神经系统中的不同巨噬细胞群体和一部分脑内皮细胞都来源于相同的红髓造血前体细胞。巨噬细胞和内皮细胞在其生命周期中有几个共同的特征——从胚胎发育早期侵入中枢神经系统，在中枢神经系统中增殖，到它们的死亡。在成年人中，小胶质细胞和 CAMs 被认为参与调节血管的通畅性和直径、血流、血脑屏障的紧密性、血管钙化的清除以及脑内皮细胞的寿命。相反，中枢神经系统内皮细胞可能会影响髓样细胞群体的极化和激活状态。控制大脑巨噬细胞和内皮细胞双人舞的分子机制开始被破解，本文将对此进行综述。
