Oscar Thomas P
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, Eastern Regional Research Center, Chemical Residue and Predictive Microbiology Research Unit, Room 2111, Center for Food Science and Technology, University of Maryland Eastern Shore Worksite, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA.
J Food Prot. 2024 Apr;87(4):100242. doi: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100242. Epub 2024 Feb 14.
The Dose Consumed step of the Poultry Food Assess Risk Model (PFARM) for Salmonella and chicken gizzards was presented and compared to the Exposure Assessment step of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA). The specific objectives were 1) to demonstrate the dose consumed step of PFARM for Salmonella and chicken gizzards; 2) to compare Salmonella dose consumed from cooked chicken gizzards to that from cross-contaminated and temperature-abused lettuce; 3) to determine if Salmonella dose consumed changed over time in a production chain; and 4) to compare PFARM and QMRA predictions of Salmonella dose consumed. The PFARM and QMRA were developed in an Excel notebook and simulated with @Risk. Salmonella prevalence and number data (P = 100) for chicken gizzards (56 g) and scenario analysis were used to address objectives 1, 2, and 4, whereas running windows of 60 consecutive chicken gizzard samples and scenario analysis were used to address objective 3. A lot size of 1,000 kg of chicken gizzards was simulated. Mean portion size was 168 g resulting in the simulation of 5,952 meals per lot. Of these, 3.69 ± 0.32% and 0.49 ± 0.07% (mean ± SD) resulted in Salmonella dose consumed of ≥1 per meal from cooked chicken gizzards and lettuce, respectively. However, the total Salmonella dose consumed per lot from cooked chicken gizzards (272 ± 27) was less (P ≤ 0.05) than from lettuce (6,050 ± 4,929) because of a few highly contaminated (>310 Salmonella) lettuce portions at consumption. Over time in the production chain, Salmonella prevalence and total dose consumed per lot changed (P ≤ 0.05) but the patterns differed. The QMRA predicted higher (P ≤ 0.05) Salmonella dose consumed per meal than PFARM. In part, this was because QMRA only simulated contaminated grams, whereas PFARM simulated contaminated and non-contaminated meals. However, other factors, which are discussed, also contributed to the overestimation of Salmonella dose consumed by QMRA.
介绍了家禽食品沙门氏菌风险评估模型（PFARM）中针对沙门氏菌和鸡胗的剂量摄入步骤，并将其与定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）的暴露评估步骤进行了比较。具体目标如下：1）展示PFARM针对沙门氏菌和鸡胗的剂量摄入步骤；2）比较熟鸡胗与受交叉污染且温度滥用的生菜中摄入的沙门氏菌剂量；3）确定在生产链中摄入的沙门氏菌剂量是否随时间变化；4）比较PFARM和QMRA对摄入的沙门氏菌剂量的预测。PFARM和QMRA在Excel笔记本中开发，并使用@Risk进行模拟。利用鸡胗（56克）的沙门氏菌流行率和数量数据（P = 100）以及情景分析来实现目标1、2和4，而使用连续60个鸡胗样本的运行窗口和情景分析来实现目标3。模拟了1000千克鸡胗的批量。平均份量为168克，每批模拟出5952份餐食。其中，分别有3.69±0.32%和0.49±0.07%（均值±标准差）的餐食因熟鸡胗和生菜导致每餐摄入的沙门氏菌剂量≥1。然而，由于食用时有少量生菜部分受到高度污染（>310个沙门氏菌），每批熟鸡胗摄入的总沙门氏菌剂量（272±27）低于生菜（6050±4929）（P≤0.05）。在生产链中，随着时间推移，沙门氏菌流行率和每批摄入的总剂量发生了变化（P≤0.05），但模式不同。QMRA预测每餐摄入的沙门氏菌剂量高于PFARM（P≤0.05）。部分原因是QMRA仅模拟受污染的克数，而PFARM模拟受污染和未受污染的餐食。然而，文中讨论的其他因素也导致了QMRA对摄入的沙门氏菌剂量的高估。
