Boukeng Lionel Berthold Keubou, Nzefa Léonie Dapi, Sali Djouwairiyatou, Minkandi Claude Axel, Bevela Jean Yves, Nouko Ariane, Ebogo Charly Etoa
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, P.O. Box 1364, Cameroon.
Department of Medicine and Optometry, Inst of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, P.O. Box 39182, Sweden.
BMC Nutr. 2024 Feb 15;10(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s40795-024-00835-z.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a public health concern worldwide. The clinical manifestations include underweight and oral lesions. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between oral pathologies and underweight among HIV-positive patients in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
We conducted a cross-sectional study between February 1st and 30th June 2021 at Yaoundé Central Hospital in Cameroon. A total of 205 HIV positive patients aged at least 18 years were recruited via consecutive sampling. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic information, anthropometric data, dietary habits, HIV history and treatment and oral examination data. The data were analysed with R software. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the risk of being underweight among HIV-positive patients with oral pathologies. A p value < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
The prevalence of oral pathologies was 52.7% (95% CI: 45.6-59.6), and the main pathologies were candidiasis (40.5%, 95% CI: 33.7-47.5) and linear erythema (32.2%, 95% CI: 25.9-39.1). The prevalence of underweight was 20% (95% CI: 14.88-26.26). Binary logistic regression revealed that HIV-positive patients with oral pathologies were 10.89 (95% CI: 2.28-16.63) times more likely to be underweight than were HIV positive and AIDS patients without oral pathologies (p = 0.002).
Oral candidiasis and linear erythema were common in HIV positive and AIDS patients. HIV-positive and AIDS patients with these oral pathologies were at higher risk of being underweight than were those without oral pathologies. The effective medical care of these patients must include oral and nutritional management.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染是全球公共卫生关注的问题。其临床表现包括体重过轻和口腔病变。本研究的目的是评估喀麦隆雅温得HIV阳性患者口腔病变与体重过轻之间的关系。
2021年2月1日至6月30日，我们在喀麦隆雅温得中心医院进行了一项横断面研究。通过连续抽样招募了总共205名年龄至少18岁的HIV阳性患者。问卷包括社会人口学信息、人体测量数据、饮食习惯、HIV病史及治疗情况以及口腔检查数据。数据用R软件进行分析。多变量分析用于评估有口腔病变的HIV阳性患者体重过轻的风险。p值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
口腔病变的患病率为52.7%（95%置信区间：45.6 - 59.6），主要病变为念珠菌病（40.5%，95%置信区间：33.7 - 47.5）和线状红斑（32.2%，95%置信区间：25.9 - 39.1）。体重过轻的患病率为20%（95%置信区间：14.88 - 26.26）。二元逻辑回归显示，有口腔病变的HIV阳性患者体重过轻的可能性是没有口腔病变的HIV阳性及艾滋病患者的10.89倍（95%置信区间：2.28 - 16.63）（p = 0.002）。
口腔念珠菌病和线状红斑在HIV阳性及艾滋病患者中很常见。有这些口腔病变的HIV阳性及艾滋病患者比没有口腔病变的患者体重过轻的风险更高。对这些患者的有效医疗护理必须包括口腔和营养管理。
