Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics.
Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Curr Opin Hematol. 2024 May 1;31(3):115-121. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000810. Epub 2024 Feb 13.
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an attractive source to generate in-vitro-derived blood for use as transfusable and reagent red cells. We review recent advancements in the field and the remaining limitations for clinical use.
For iPSC-derived red blood cell (RBC) generation, recent work has optimized culture conditions to omit feeder cells, enhance red cell maturation, and produce cells that mimic fetal or adult-type RBCs. Genome editing provides novel strategies to improve cell yield and create designer RBCs with customized antigen phenotypes.
Current protocols support red cell production that mimics embryonic and fetal hematopoiesis and cell yield sufficient for diagnostic RBC reagents. Ongoing challenges to generate RBCs for transfusion include recapitulating definitive erythropoiesis to produce functional adult-type cells, increasing scalability of culture conditions, and optimizing high-density manufacturing capacity.
人诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）是一种有吸引力的来源，可以在体外产生用于输血和试剂红细胞的血液。我们综述了该领域的最新进展以及临床应用中仍然存在的局限性。
对于 iPSC 衍生的红细胞（RBC）生成，最近的工作已经优化了培养条件，以省略饲养细胞，增强红细胞成熟，并产生模拟胎儿或成人型 RBC 的细胞。基因组编辑提供了新的策略来提高细胞产量并创建具有定制抗原表型的设计 RBC。
目前的方案支持模仿胚胎和胎儿造血的红细胞生成，并且细胞产量足以满足诊断 RBC 试剂的需求。为输血生成 RBC 仍然存在一些挑战，包括再现功能性成人型细胞的定型红细胞生成、增加培养条件的可扩展性以及优化高密度制造能力。
