Kulmuni Jonna, Wiley Bryn, Otto Sarah P
Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland.
Evol Lett. 2023 Mar 1;8(1):128-136. doi: 10.1093/evlett/qrad002. eCollection 2024 Feb.
Rates of hybridization are predicted to increase due to climate change and human activity that cause redistribution of species and bring previously isolated populations into contact. At the same time climate change leads to rapid changes in the environment, requiring populations to adapt rapidly in order to survive. A few empirical cases suggest hybridization can facilitate adaptation despite its potential for incompatibilities and deleterious fitness consequences. Here we use simulations and Fisher's Geometric model to evaluate the conditions and time frame of adaptation via hybridization in both diploids and haplodiploids. We find that hybrids adapt faster to new environments compared to parental populations in nearly all simulated scenarios, generating a fitness advantage that can offset intrinsic incompatibilities and last for tens of generations, regardless of whether the population was diploid or haplodiploid. Our results highlight the creative role of hybridization and suggest that hybridization may help contemporary populations adapt to the changing climate. However, adaptation by hybrids may well happen at the cost of reduced biodiversity, if previously isolated lineages collapse into one.
由于气候变化和人类活动导致物种重新分布，并使先前隔离的种群发生接触，预计杂交率将会增加。与此同时，气候变化导致环境迅速变化，这就要求种群迅速适应才能生存。一些实证案例表明，尽管杂交可能存在不兼容性和有害的适应性后果，但它仍能促进适应。在这里，我们使用模拟和费舍尔几何模型来评估二倍体和单双倍体通过杂交进行适应的条件和时间框架。我们发现，在几乎所有模拟场景中，与亲本种群相比，杂种能更快地适应新环境，产生一种适应性优势，这种优势可以抵消内在的不兼容性，并持续数十代，无论种群是二倍体还是单双倍体。我们的研究结果突出了杂交的创造性作用，并表明杂交可能有助于当代种群适应不断变化的气候。然而，如果先前隔离的谱系合并为一个，杂种的适应很可能以生物多样性降低为代价。
