Independent Researcher, Via Venezuela 66, 98121 Messina, Italy.
Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition, 30171 Venice, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 17;20(3):1683. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031683.
(1) Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known for their ability to protect against numerous metabolic disorders. The consumption of oily fish is the main source of PUFAs in human nutrition and is commonly used for supplement production. However, seafood is an overexploited source that cannot be guaranteed to cover the global demands. Furthermore, it is not consumed by everyone for ecological, economic, ethical, geographical and taste reasons. The growing demand for natural dietary sources of PUFAs suggests that current nutritional sources are insufficient to meet global needs, and less and less will be. Therefore, it is crucial to find sustainable sources that are acceptable to all, meeting the world population's needs. (2) Scope: This review aims to evaluate the recent evidence about alternative plant sources of essential fatty acids, focusing on long-chain omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs. (3) Method: A structured search was performed on the PubMed search engine to select available human data from interventional studies using omega-3 fatty acids of non-animal origin. (4) Results: Several promising sources have emerged from the literature, such as algae, microorganisms, plants rich in stearidonic acid and GM plants. However, the costs, acceptance and adequate formulation deserve further investigation.
（1）背景：多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）以其预防多种代谢紊乱的能力而闻名。食用油性鱼类是人类营养中 PUFAs 的主要来源，常用于补充剂生产。然而，海鲜是一种过度开发的资源，不能保证其能满足全球需求。此外，出于生态、经济、伦理、地理和口味等原因，并非所有人都食用海鲜。对 PUFAs 天然饮食来源的需求不断增长表明，目前的营养来源不足以满足全球需求，而且这种情况将越来越少。因此，找到可持续的、所有人都能接受的资源来满足世界人口的需求至关重要。（2）范围：本综述旨在评估关于必需脂肪酸替代植物来源的最新证据，重点关注长链欧米伽-3（n-3）PUFAs。（3）方法：在 PubMed 搜索引擎上进行了结构化搜索，以选择使用非动物来源的欧米伽-3 脂肪酸的干预研究中的可用人类数据。（4）结果：文献中出现了一些有前景的来源，如藻类、微生物、富含硬脂酸的植物和转基因植物。然而，成本、接受度和适当的配方仍需要进一步研究。
