Hashemi Amir, Ezati Masoumeh, Nasr Minoo Partovi, Zumberg Inna, Provaznik Valentine
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3082/12, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
ACS Omega. 2024 Jan 31;9(6):6184-6218. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08280. eCollection 2024 Feb 13.
Extracellular vesicles have emerged as promising tools in regenerative medicine due to their inherent ability to facilitate intercellular communication and modulate cellular functions. These nanosized vesicles transport bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which can affect the behavior of recipient cells and promote tissue regeneration. However, the therapeutic application of these vesicles is frequently constrained by their rapid clearance from the body and inability to maintain a sustained presence at the injury site. In order to overcome these obstacles, hydrogels have been used as extracellular vesicle delivery vehicles, providing a localized and controlled release system that improves their therapeutic efficacy. This Review will examine the role of extracellular vesicle-loaded hydrogels in tissue regeneration, discussing potential applications, current challenges, and future directions. We will investigate the origins, composition, and characterization techniques of extracellular vesicles, focusing on recent advances in exosome profiling and the role of machine learning in this field. In addition, we will investigate the properties of hydrogels that make them ideal extracellular vesicle carriers. Recent studies utilizing this combination for tissue regeneration will be highlighted, providing a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape and potential future directions.
细胞外囊泡因其促进细胞间通讯和调节细胞功能的内在能力，已成为再生医学中很有前景的工具。这些纳米级囊泡运输生物活性分子，如蛋白质、脂质和核酸，它们可以影响受体细胞的行为并促进组织再生。然而，这些囊泡的治疗应用常常受到其从体内快速清除以及无法在损伤部位持续存在的限制。为了克服这些障碍，水凝胶已被用作细胞外囊泡的递送载体，提供了一种局部且可控的释放系统，提高了它们的治疗效果。本综述将探讨负载细胞外囊泡的水凝胶在组织再生中的作用，讨论其潜在应用、当前挑战和未来方向。我们将研究细胞外囊泡的起源、组成和表征技术，重点关注外泌体分析的最新进展以及机器学习在该领域的作用。此外，我们将研究使水凝胶成为理想细胞外囊泡载体的特性。将重点介绍利用这种组合进行组织再生的最新研究，全面概述当前的研究现状和潜在的未来方向。
