Trabsa Amira, Casanovas Francesc, Pérez Víctor, Moreno Ana, Amann Benedikt, Mané Anna
PhD Programme, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Institute of Mental Health, Hospital del Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 25-29, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
Arch Womens Ment Health. 2024 Oct;27(5):679-692. doi: 10.1007/s00737-024-01431-7. Epub 2024 Feb 19.
To compare social, clinical, and migration-related factors between male and female immigrants with psychotic disorders and to determine the association between these variables and stress in the last year.
We administered the Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Scale to evaluate psychological stress in 99 non-refugee immigrants (26 women, 73 men) who presented ≥ one psychotic episode (ICD-10 criteria). We compared the two groups in terms of sociodemographic, clinical, cultural, and migration-related variables. A multivariable analysis using a linear regression model (stepwise method) was performed to evaluate potential associations between these variables and stress.
Women were more likely to be married and divorced, had less access to welfare payments, and lower unemployment and homeless rates than men. The most common psychiatric diagnosis was psychosis not otherwise specified with more women being affected (61.5% in women vs. 45.2% in men), but the diagnosis of schizophrenia was more common in men (38.4% vs 15.4%). Both groups exhibited very high levels of stress in the past year (mean total distress score > 300). In women, stress was significantly associated with age at first migration and be a racialized person. By contrast, among men stress was significantly associated with language barrier and comorbidity with a physical disorder.
The results of this study reveal important differences between men and women immigrants. These findings underscore the importance of understanding how gender-specific roles and social expectations intersect with the timing and nature of migration to influence stress levels differently in immigrant women and men with psychotic disorders.
比较患有精神障碍的男性和女性移民在社会、临床及与移民相关的因素，并确定这些变量与过去一年压力之间的关联。
我们使用霍尔姆斯和拉赫社会再适应量表，对99名出现≥1次精神病发作（国际疾病分类第10版标准）的非难民移民（26名女性，73名男性）进行心理压力评估。我们比较了两组在社会人口学、临床、文化及与移民相关变量方面的情况。采用线性回归模型（逐步法）进行多变量分析，以评估这些变量与压力之间的潜在关联。
与男性相比，女性结婚和离婚的可能性更高，获得福利金的机会更少，失业率和无家可归率更低。最常见的精神科诊断是未另行特指的精神病，受影响的女性更多（女性为61.5%，男性为45.2%），但精神分裂症的诊断在男性中更为常见（38.4%对15.4%）。两组在过去一年均表现出非常高的压力水平（平均总困扰得分>300）。在女性中，压力与首次移民年龄及属于种族化人群显著相关。相比之下，在男性中，压力与语言障碍及伴有躯体疾病显著相关。
本研究结果揭示了男性和女性移民之间的重要差异。这些发现强调了理解性别特定角色和社会期望如何与移民的时间和性质相互作用，从而对患有精神障碍的移民女性和男性的压力水平产生不同影响的重要性。
