Liu Shiqi, Chen Yunhan, Han Dongren, Tian Xuefa, Ma Dongli, Jie Xiang, Zhang Jichuan
Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical and Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, College of Material Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Feb 1;10(4):e25351. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25351. eCollection 2024 Feb 29.
(TKS) latex is a natural latex produced from its root, and its extraction optimization process is mainly studied in the present paper. The composition of fresh roots of TKS was quantitatively analyzed, and the results showed that the moisture content of the fresh root was approximately 70 %, and the rubber content averaged to 6 % (dry weight ratio). An optimal process route for extracting the TKS latex was finally determined, making the extraction efficiency reach about 80 %, and a new latex extraction process was established and optimized and named "the process of Buffer Extraction TKS Latex (BETL)". latex, extracted TKS latex and TKS latex collected directly from the broken roots were compared for study. The results showed that, like latex, the appearance of TKS latex was milky white; and after centrifugation, both showed four layers from top to bottom: rubber particles, Frey-Wyssling particles, C-serum and lutoids. The results of the composition analysis showed that the concentration of TKS latex ranged from 54.54 % to 68.25 %, which is close to that of concentrated latex; the moisture content of TKS latex was between 31.75 % and 45.46 %. The protein content of TKS latex was 13.51 mg/mL, which was lower than that of latex at the same rubber hydrocarbon concentration. The molecular structures and properties of latex, the extracted TKS latex, and the collected TKS latex were characterized by FTIR, C NMR, GPC, TG, SEM and LPSA, and the results showed that the main components and structure of the three latexes were similar, which are all -1,4-polyisoprene, and include the proteins and lipids. The distributions molecular weights of the three latexes all showed a bimodal distribution, but the molecular weight of the latex collected from TKS was lower, which indicates the larger molecules were difficult to flow outside the root automatically. The latex and TKS latex rubber particles were both core-shell structure and the size distribution were bimodal, which was consistent with the GPC analysis results.
三叶橡胶（TKS）乳胶是从其根部产生的天然乳胶，本文主要研究其提取优化过程。对三叶橡胶鲜根的成分进行了定量分析，结果表明鲜根的水分含量约为70%，橡胶含量平均为6%（干重比）。最终确定了三叶橡胶乳胶的最佳提取工艺路线，使提取效率达到约80%，并建立和优化了一种新的乳胶提取工艺，命名为“缓冲提取三叶橡胶乳胶工艺（BETL）”。对天然橡胶乳胶、提取的三叶橡胶乳胶和直接从断根收集的三叶橡胶乳胶进行了对比研究。结果表明，与天然橡胶乳胶一样，三叶橡胶乳胶的外观为乳白色；离心后，两者均自上而下呈现四层：橡胶颗粒、弗赖-维斯林颗粒、C-血清和类橡胶体。成分分析结果表明，三叶橡胶乳胶的浓度在54.54%至68.25%之间，与浓缩天然橡胶乳胶接近；三叶橡胶乳胶的水分含量在31.75%至45.46%之间。三叶橡胶乳胶的蛋白质含量为13.51mg/mL，低于相同橡胶烃浓度下的天然橡胶乳胶。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、碳核磁共振（C NMR）、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）、热重分析（TG）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和激光光散射分析（LPSA）对天然橡胶乳胶、提取的三叶橡胶乳胶和收集的三叶橡胶乳胶的分子结构和性能进行了表征，结果表明三种乳胶的主要成分和结构相似，均为-1,4-聚异戊二烯，且都含有蛋白质和脂质。三种乳胶的分子量分布均呈双峰分布，但从三叶橡胶收集的乳胶分子量较低，这表明较大的分子难以自动流出根部。天然橡胶乳胶和三叶橡胶乳胶的橡胶颗粒均为核壳结构，尺寸分布呈双峰，这与凝胶渗透色谱分析结果一致。
