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管理 MRI 中的硬件相关金属伪影:当前和新兴技术。

Managing hardware-related metal artifacts in MRI: current and evolving techniques.

机构信息

Department of Radiology, Balgrist University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.

出版信息

Skeletal Radiol. 2024 Sep;53(9):1737-1750. doi: 10.1007/s00256-024-04624-4. Epub 2024 Feb 21.

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) around metal implants has been challenging due to magnetic susceptibility differences between metal implants and adjacent tissues, resulting in image signal loss, geometric distortion, and loss of fat suppression. These artifacts can compromise the diagnostic accuracy and the evaluation of surrounding anatomical structures. As the prevalence of total joint replacements continues to increase in our aging society, there is a need for proper radiological assessment of tissues around metal implants to aid clinical decision-making in the management of post-operative complaints and complications. Various techniques for reducing metal artifacts in musculoskeletal imaging have been explored in recent years. One approach focuses on improving hardware components. High-density multi-channel radiofrequency (RF) coils, parallel imaging techniques, and gradient warping correction enable signal enhancement, image acquisition acceleration, and geometric distortion minimization. In addition, the use of susceptibility-matched implants and low-field MRI helps to reduce magnetic susceptibility differences. The second approach focuses on metal artifact reduction sequences such as view-angle tilting (VAT) and slice-encoding for metal artifact correction (SEMAC). Iterative reconstruction algorithms, deep learning approaches, and post-processing techniques are used to estimate and correct artifact-related errors in reconstructed images. This article reviews recent developments in clinically applicable metal artifact reduction techniques as well as advances in MR hardware. The review provides a better understanding of the basic principles and techniques, as well as an awareness of their limitations, allowing for a more reasoned application of these methods in clinical settings.

摘要

磁共振成像(MRI)在金属植入物周围的应用一直具有挑战性,因为金属植入物和相邻组织之间的磁敏感性差异会导致图像信号丢失、几何变形和脂肪抑制丢失。这些伪影会影响诊断准确性和对周围解剖结构的评估。随着老龄化社会中全关节置换术的普及,需要对金属植入物周围的组织进行适当的影像学评估,以辅助临床决策,处理术后并发症和投诉。近年来,已经探索了各种用于减少肌肉骨骼成像中金属伪影的技术。一种方法侧重于改进硬件组件。高密度多通道射频(RF)线圈、并行成像技术和梯度变形校正可实现信号增强、图像采集加速和几何变形最小化。此外,使用磁导率匹配的植入物和低场 MRI 有助于减少磁导率差异。第二种方法侧重于金属伪影减少序列,如视场倾斜(VAT)和用于金属伪影校正的切片编码(SEMAC)。迭代重建算法、深度学习方法和后处理技术用于估计和校正重建图像中的伪影相关误差。本文回顾了临床应用的金属伪影减少技术以及 MR 硬件的最新进展。综述提供了对基本原理和技术的更好理解,以及对其局限性的认识,从而可以更合理地在临床环境中应用这些方法。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e4fa/11303499/4fa12cbecc88/256_2024_4624_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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