Szpakiewicz Elżbieta, Józefacka Natalia Maja
Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Institute of Psychology, University of the National Education Commission, Krakow, Poland.
Front Psychol. 2024 Feb 7;15:1276517. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1276517. eCollection 2024.
Time-based prospective memory (TBPM) refers to the ability to remember to perform an intended activity at a specific time in the future or after a specific time interval. This article reviews TBPM memory in preschool children and explores the role of time monitoring behavior in TBPM performance.
A total of 242 preschool-aged children (aged 2-6) performed a prospective memory task, wherein prospective memory accuracy, ongoing task performance, and time monitoring activity were assessed. Additionally, the study examined the relationship of various cognitive abilities to TBPM performance through the use of appropriate cognitive tasks.
The first signs of TBPM were observed in children as young as 2 years old. No significant age differences were identified; preschoolers can perform a delayed intention on their own initiative at a certain point in the future only to a minimal extent. The majority of variance in TBPM performance could be explained by time checking behavior.
The current study indicated that even 2-year-olds can perform TBPM at a basic level when the task is sufficiently understandable. While many cognitive abilities are correlated with TBPM performance, it appears that only time checking behavior plays a significant role in TBPM among preschoolers.
基于时间的前瞻记忆（TBPM）是指在未来特定时间或特定时间间隔后记得执行预定活动的能力。本文回顾了学龄前儿童的TBPM记忆，并探讨了时间监控行为在TBPM表现中的作用。
共有242名学龄前儿童（2至6岁）进行了一项前瞻记忆任务，其中评估了前瞻记忆准确性、正在进行的任务表现和时间监控活动。此外，该研究通过使用适当的认知任务，考察了各种认知能力与TBPM表现之间的关系。
在年仅2岁的儿童中观察到了TBPM的最初迹象。未发现显著的年龄差异；学龄前儿童只能在一定程度上主动在未来某个时间执行延迟意图。TBPM表现的大部分变异可以由时间检查行为来解释。
当前研究表明，当任务足够易懂时，即使是2岁的儿童也能在基本水平上执行TBPM。虽然许多认知能力与TBPM表现相关，但似乎只有时间检查行为在学龄前儿童的TBPM中发挥着重要作用。
