Gan Jiaqun, Guo Yunfei, Wang Enguo
Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 Sep 10;13(9):750. doi: 10.3390/bs13090750.
Time-based prospective memory (TBPM) refers to performing intended actions at a specific time in the future. The TBPM task is very common in daily life, and whether it can be successfully completed can affect our quality of life. Repeated behavior training can usually improve social cognitive performance, and this study focused on exploring whether TBPM performance could improve with repeated behavior training. Meanwhile, we also focused on whether behavior training could reduce attention consumption, both internal and external, attention on TBPM tasks. In this study, a single-factor between-subject design was adopted. Seventy-three undergraduates were assigned to three groups: the control group, the baseline group, and the experimental group. The baseline group only needs to perform ongoing tasks, so the ongoing task performance of the control group will not be affected by TBPM tasks. The control group needs to perform both ongoing and TBPM tasks without practice. The experimental group needs to perform both ongoing and TBPM tasks after 30 exercises. The ongoing task is a typical working memory task. The TBPM task was to press a "1" button every 1 min. The results showed that the performance of ongoing tasks in the baseline group, experimental group, and control group decreased sequentially, and the experimental group had less time monitoring than the control group. The results indicated that behavior training could reduce attention consumption in both internal attention and external attention, but it could not reach the level of automatic processing.
基于时间的前瞻记忆（TBPM）是指在未来的特定时间执行预定的动作。TBPM任务在日常生活中非常常见，其能否成功完成会影响我们的生活质量。重复行为训练通常可以提高社会认知表现，本研究聚焦于探究TBPM表现是否会随着重复行为训练而提高。同时，我们还关注行为训练是否能够减少内部和外部对TBPM任务的注意力消耗。在本研究中，采用了单因素被试间设计。73名本科生被分为三组：对照组、基线组和实验组。基线组只需要执行正在进行的任务，因此对照组正在进行的任务表现不会受到TBPM任务的影响。对照组需要在没有练习的情况下同时执行正在进行的任务和TBPM任务。实验组需要在进行30次练习后同时执行正在进行的任务和TBPM任务。正在进行的任务是一项典型的工作记忆任务。TBPM任务是每隔1分钟按一次“1”按钮。结果显示，基线组、实验组和对照组中正在进行任务的表现依次下降，且实验组的监控时间比对照组少。结果表明，行为训练可以减少内部注意力和外部注意力的注意力消耗，但无法达到自动加工的水平。
