Zhu Lingjie, Xu Xiaomeng, Wang Jian, Chen Jiahao, Ma Zhengjia, Wang Qiang, Wang Qifei
College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China.
School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Feb 12;10(4):e26299. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26299. eCollection 2024 Feb 29.
We propose an enhanced floor field model (FFM) to analyze the behavioral characteristics of crowds with varying attributes proportions during evacuation. This model governs pedestrian movement through the Dynamic Floor Field (DFF) and the Static Floor Field (SFF). The DFF takes into account individual factors such as the gender, familiarity with the environment, and social relationships of evacuees, which influence safe evacuation. Concurrently, the SFF encapsulates the impact of environmental factors like obstacles, exits, and guidance effects. Subsequently, this refined FFM was applied and validated using a sports center evacuation scenario. The results demonstrated that the enhanced FFM accurately replicated evacuees' asymmetric behavior and queuing, and aligned well with other models when the number of evacuees fluctuated over time. In the absence of guidance, both environmental familiarity and gender emerged as primary factors influencing partial evacuation. Additionally, the gender of pedestrians significantly affected the overall evacuation. Notably, compared to pre-existing environmental information available to evacuees, the implementation of guidance to augment pedestrians' environmental familiarity resulted in a more efficient evacuation. The FFM model and these findings could be instrumental in simulating personnel evacuation and formulating emergency management strategies in crowded areas.
我们提出了一种增强型楼层场模型（FFM），以分析疏散过程中具有不同属性比例的人群的行为特征。该模型通过动态楼层场（DFF）和静态楼层场（SFF）来控制行人的移动。动态楼层场考虑了诸如疏散人员的性别、对环境的熟悉程度以及社会关系等个体因素，这些因素会影响安全疏散。同时，静态楼层场包含了障碍物、出口和引导效果等环境因素的影响。随后，使用体育中心疏散场景对这种改进后的FFM进行了应用和验证。结果表明，增强型FFM准确地再现了疏散人员的不对称行为和排队情况，并且当疏散人员数量随时间波动时，与其他模型的结果吻合良好。在没有引导的情况下，环境熟悉程度和性别都成为影响部分疏散的主要因素。此外，行人的性别对整体疏散有显著影响。值得注意的是，与疏散人员已有的环境信息相比，实施引导以增强行人对环境的熟悉程度会使疏散更加高效。FFM模型和这些发现有助于模拟人员疏散并制定拥挤区域的应急管理策略。
