Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
Laboratório de Microbiologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil.
J Basic Microbiol. 2024 Jul;64(7):e2300601. doi: 10.1002/jobm.202300601. Epub 2024 Feb 22.
We assessed soil fungal and fungal-like diversity using metabarcoding in ornithogenically influenced soils around nests of the bird species Phalacrocorax atriceps, Macronectes giganteus, Pygoscelis antarcticus, and Pygoscelis adelie on the South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctic. A total of 1,392,784 fungal DNA reads was obtained and assigned to 186 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). The dominant fungal phylum was Ascomycota, followed by Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Rozellomycota, Mortierellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Mucoromycota, and the fungal-like Oomycota (Stramenopila), in rank order. Antarctomyces sp., Blastocladiomycota sp., Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, Microascaceae sp., Mortierella sp., Lobulomycetales sp., Sordariomycetes sp., Fungal sp., Rhizophydiales sp., Pseudeurotiaceae sp., Chytridiomycota sp. 1, Filobasidiella sp., Tausonia pullulans, Betamyces sp., and Leucosporidium sp. were the most abundant assigned taxa. The fungal assemblages present in the different ornithogenically influenced soils displayed different diversity indices. However, in general, we detected high fungal diversity and few taxa shared between the samples. Despite the polyextreme environmental conditions experienced in these Antarctic soils, the metabarcoding approach detected a rich and complex fungal community dominated by saprophytes, but with some pathogenic taxa also present. The community was dominated by psychrophilic and psychrotolerant taxa, some apparently endemic to Antarctica, and those identified only at higher taxonomic levels, which may represent currently undescribed fungi. The mycobiome detected included taxa characterized by different ecological roles, including saprotrophic, human- and animal-associated, phytopathogenic, mutualistic, and cosmopolitan. These fungi may potentially be dispersed by birds or in the air column over great distances, including between different regions within Antarctica and from South America, Africa, and Oceania.
我们使用代谢条形码评估了南设得兰群岛海鸟巢穴周围受鸟类影响的土壤中的真菌和真菌样多样性，这些鸟类包括凤头䴙䴘、巨头鲸、南极企鹅和阿德利企鹅。共获得 1392784 个真菌 DNA 读数，并将其分配给 186 个扩增子序列变体 (ASV)。主要的真菌门是子囊菌门，其次是担子菌门、壶菌门、芽枝霉门、网状菌门、卵菌门、单鞭毛菌门、无隔藻门、Basidiobolomycota 门、毛霉门、Monoblepharomycota 门和真菌样的卵菌门（Stramenopila），依次排列。Antarctomyces sp.、Blastocladiomycota sp.、Pseudogymnoascus pannorum、Microascaceae sp.、Mortierella sp.、Lobulomycetales sp.、Sordariomycetes sp.、Fungal sp.、Rhizophydiales sp.、Pseudeurotiaceae sp.、Chytridiomycota sp. 1、Filobasidiella sp.、Tausonia pullulans、Betamyces sp. 和 Leucosporidium sp. 是最丰富的分类群。不同受鸟类影响的土壤中存在的真菌组合显示出不同的多样性指数。然而，总的来说，我们在样本中检测到了高真菌多样性和很少的共同分类群。尽管这些南极土壤经历了多极端环境条件，但代谢条形码方法检测到了丰富而复杂的真菌群落，以腐生物为主，但也存在一些致病类群。该群落以嗜冷和耐冷类群为主，其中一些显然是南极洲特有的，还有一些只在更高的分类水平上被识别出来，可能代表目前尚未描述的真菌。检测到的真菌组包括具有不同生态作用的分类群，包括腐生、与人类和动物相关、植物病原、共生和世界性分布的分类群。这些真菌可能通过鸟类或在大气柱中远距离传播，包括在南极洲不同地区之间以及从南美洲、非洲和大洋洲传播。
