Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar e Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
Microb Ecol. 2022 Jan;83(1):58-67. doi: 10.1007/s00248-021-01735-6. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
We assess the fungal diversity present in permafrost from different islands in the South Shetland Islands archipelago, maritime Antarctic, using next-generation sequencing (NGS). We detected 1,003,637 fungal DNA reads representing, in rank abundance order, the phyla Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Rozellomycota, Mucoromycota, Calcarisporiellomycota and Zoopagomycota. Ten taxa were dominant these being, in order of abundance, Pseudogymnoascus appendiculatus, Penicillium sp., Pseudogymnoascus roseus, Penicillium herquei, Curvularia lunata, Leotiomycetes sp., Mortierella sp. 1, Mortierella fimbricystis, Fungal sp. 1 and Fungal sp. 2. A further 38 taxa had intermediate abundance and 345 were classified as rare. The total fungal community detected in the permafrost showed high indices of diversity, richness and dominance, although these varied between the sampling locations. The use of a metabarcoding approach revealed the presence of DNA of a complex fungal assemblage in the permafrost of the South Shetland Islands including taxa with a range of ecological functions among which were multiple animal, human and plant pathogenic fungi. Further studies are required to determine whether the taxa identified are present in the form of viable cells or propagules and which might be released from melting permafrost to other Antarctic habitats and potentially dispersed more widely.
我们使用下一代测序（NGS）评估了来自南极海洋的南设得兰群岛不同岛屿的永久冻土中的真菌多样性。我们检测到了 1,003,637 个真菌 DNA 读取序列，按照丰度排序，分别属于子囊菌门、毛霉门、担子菌门、壶菌门、裂殖菌门、毛霉门、Calcarisporiellomycota 和 Zoopagomycota 门。有 10 个分类群占主导地位，依次为拟青霉属、青霉属、粉红拟青霉、赫氏青霉、新月弯孢、毛霉门、Leotiomycetes sp.、莫氏菌属、毛霉属 1、Fungal sp. 1 和 Fungal sp. 2。另有 38 个分类群处于中等丰度，345 个分类群被归类为稀有。在永久冻土中检测到的整个真菌群落表现出高多样性、丰富度和优势度指数，尽管这些指数在采样地点之间有所不同。使用代谢条形码方法揭示了南设得兰群岛永久冻土中存在复杂的真菌组合 DNA，其中包括具有多种生态功能的分类群，其中包括多种动物、人类和植物病原菌真菌。需要进一步研究以确定鉴定出的分类群是否以存活细胞或繁殖体的形式存在，以及哪些可能从融化的永久冻土释放到其他南极生境，并可能更广泛地传播。
