Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Data and Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, East West University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
Mol Biol Rep. 2024 Feb 22;51(1):318. doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-09279-x.
SARS-CoV-2 has been known remarkably since December 2019 as a strain of pathogenic coronavirus. Starting from the earlier stages of the COVID-19 pandemic until now, we have witnessed many cases of neurological damage caused by SARS-CoV-2. There are many studies and research conducted on COVID-19-positive-patients that have found brain-related abnormalities with clear neurological symptoms, ranging from simple headaches to life-threatening strokes. For treating neurological damage, knowing the actual pathway or mechanism of causing brain damage via SARS-CoV-2 is very important. For this reason, we have tried to explain the possible pathways of brain damage due to SARS-CoV-2 with mechanisms and illustrations. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the human body by binding to specific ACE2 receptors in the targeted cells, which are present in the glial cells and CNS neurons of the human brain. It is found that direct and indirect infections with SARS-CoV-2 in the brain result in endothelial cell death, which alters the BBB tight junctions. These probable alterations can be the reason for the excessive transmission and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in the human brain. In this precise review, we have tried to demonstrate the neurological symptoms in the case of COVID-19-positive-patients and the possible mechanisms of neurological damage, along with the treatment options for brain-related abnormalities. Knowing the transmission mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 in the human brain can assist us in generating novel treatments associated with neuroinflammation in other brain diseases.
自 2019 年 12 月以来，人们已经非常了解 SARS-CoV-2，它是一种致病性冠状病毒。从 COVID-19 大流行的早期阶段到现在，我们已经看到了许多由 SARS-CoV-2 引起的神经损伤病例。有许多针对 COVID-19 阳性患者的研究和调查发现了与大脑相关的异常，这些异常伴有明显的神经症状，从简单的头痛到危及生命的中风不等。为了治疗神经损伤，了解 SARS-CoV-2 导致脑损伤的实际途径或机制非常重要。出于这个原因，我们试图通过机制和图示来解释 SARS-CoV-2 引起脑损伤的可能途径。SARS-CoV-2 病毒通过与人体大脑中神经胶质细胞和中枢神经系统神经元中存在的特定 ACE2 受体结合进入人体。研究发现，SARS-CoV-2 在大脑中的直接和间接感染会导致内皮细胞死亡，从而改变 BBB 紧密连接。这些可能的改变可能是 SARS-CoV-2 在人体大脑中过度传播和致病的原因。在这篇精确的综述中，我们试图展示 COVID-19 阳性患者的神经症状和神经损伤的可能机制，以及与大脑相关异常的治疗选择。了解 SARS-CoV-2 在人体大脑中的传播机制可以帮助我们针对其他脑部疾病中的神经炎症产生新的治疗方法。
