Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2024 Jun;50(3):1003-1024. doi: 10.1007/s10695-024-01314-9. Epub 2024 Feb 22.
The present study investigated the effect of replacing fishmeal (FM) with insect meal of Hermetia illucens (HI) in the diet of Sparus aurata farmed inshore on growth, gut health, and microbiota composition. Two isolipidic (18% as fed) and isoproteic (42% as fed) diets were tested at the farm scale: a control diet without HI meal and an experimental diet with 11% HI meal replacing FM. At the end of the 25-week feeding trial, final body weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate, and hepatosomatic index were not affected by the diet. Gross morphology of the gastrointestinal tract and the liver was unchanged and showed no obvious signs of inflammation. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons (MiSeq platform, Illumina) used to characterize the gut microbial community profile showed that Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla of the gut microbiota of gilthead seabream, regardless of diet. Dietary inclusion of HI meal altered the gut microbiota by significantly decreasing the abundance of Cetobacterium and increasing the relative abundance of the Oceanobacillus and Paenibacillus genera. Our results clearly indicate that the inclusion of HI meal as an alternative animal protein source positively affects the gut microbiota of seabream by increasing the abundance of beneficial genera, thereby improving gut health and maintaining growth performance of S. aurata from coastal farms.
本研究旨在探讨用黄粉虫（Hermetia illucens，HI）虫粉替代养殖近岸鲈鱼（Sparus aurata）饲料中的鱼粉对其生长、肠道健康和微生物组成的影响。在养殖场规模上测试了两种等脂（18%）和等蛋白（42%）的饮食：一种不含 HI 虫粉的对照饮食和一种用 11% HI 虫粉替代 FM 的实验饮食。在 25 周的喂养试验结束时，饮食并未影响最终体重、特定生长率、饲料转化率和肝体比。胃肠道和肝脏的大体形态未发生变化，且没有明显的炎症迹象。使用高通量 16S rRNA 基因扩增子测序（MiSeq 平台，Illumina）来描述肠道微生物群落的特征，结果表明，无论饮食如何，变形菌门、梭杆菌门和厚壁菌门都是金头鲷肠道微生物群的主要门。HI 虫粉的饮食添加通过显著降低鲸杆菌属的丰度和增加海洋杆菌属和类芽孢杆菌属的相对丰度来改变肠道微生物群。我们的研究结果清楚地表明，用 HI 虫粉作为替代动物蛋白源可以通过增加有益属的丰度，对鲈鱼的肠道微生物群产生积极影响，从而改善肠道健康并维持近岸养殖场的金头鲷生长性能。
