Palomba Antonio, Melis Riccardo, Biosa Grazia, Braca Angela, Pisanu Salvatore, Ghisaura Stefania, Caimi Christian, Biasato Ilaria, Oddon Sara Bellezza, Gasco Laura, Terova Genciana, Moroni Federico, Antonini Micaela, Pagnozzi Daniela, Anedda Roberto
Porto Conte Ricerche S.r.l, Alghero (SS), Italy.
Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
Front Physiol. 2022 Jun 29;13:920289. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.920289. eCollection 2022.
The sustainable development of modern aquaculture must rely on a significant reduction of the fish meal (FM) used in aquafeed formulations. However, FM substitution with alternative ingredients in diets for carnivorous fish species often showed reduced nutrient absorption, significantly perturbed metabolisms, and histological changes at both hepatic and intestinal levels. In the present study, rainbow trout () were fed three different experimental aquafeeds. A control diet with higher FM content (27.3%) than two test formulations in which FM was substituted with two more sustainable and promising alternatives: insect meal ( larvae = 10.1%, FM = 11.6%) and poultry by-products meal (PBM = 14.8%; FM = 11.7%). Combined metabolomics and proteomics analyses of fish liver, together with histological examination of liver and intestine demonstrated that a well-balanced formulation of nutrients in the three diets allowed high metabolic compatibility of either substitution, paving the way for a deeper understanding of the impact of novel raw materials for the fish feed industry. Results show that the main metabolic pathways of nutrient absorption and catabolism were essentially unaltered by alternative feed ingredients, and also histological alterations were negligible. It is demonstrated that the substitution of FM with sustainable alternatives does not have a negative impact on fish metabolism, as long as the nutritional requirements of rainbow trout are fulfilled.
现代水产养殖的可持续发展必须依赖于大幅减少水产饲料配方中使用的鱼粉（FM）。然而，用替代成分替代肉食性鱼类日粮中的鱼粉，往往会导致营养吸收减少、代谢显著紊乱以及肝脏和肠道水平的组织学变化。在本研究中，虹鳟鱼被投喂三种不同的实验水产饲料。一种对照日粮的鱼粉含量（27.3%）高于另外两种试验配方，在后两种配方中，鱼粉被两种更具可持续性和前景的替代物替代：昆虫粉（黑水虻幼虫=10.1%，鱼粉=11.6%）和家禽副产品粉（家禽副产品粉=14.8%；鱼粉=11.7%）。对鱼肝进行代谢组学和蛋白质组学联合分析，同时对肝脏和肠道进行组织学检查，结果表明，三种日粮中营养成分的均衡配方使任何一种替代物都具有较高的代谢兼容性，为深入了解新型原料对鱼饲料行业的影响铺平了道路。结果表明，替代饲料成分基本上未改变营养吸收和分解代谢的主要代谢途径, 组织学改变也可忽略不计。结果表明，只要满足虹鳟鱼的营养需求，用可持续替代物替代鱼粉对鱼类代谢没有负面影响。
