Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
Med Sci Monit. 2024 Feb 23;30:e942819. doi: 10.12659/MSM.942819.
BACKGROUND Serum creatinine, the criterion standard in assessment of renal function, is not reliable for the neonatal period because of its dependence on renal immaturity and maternal creatinine levels. Thus, it is important to study other biomarkers of renal function in neonates. The present study aimed to measure the urinary concentration of renal biomarkers: calbindin, clusterin, GST-pi (glutathione-S-transferase-alpha), KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule 1), MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), and B2M (beta 2-microglobulin) in healthy term neonates. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the study, we included 80 healthy term neonates - 40 females and 40 males. We collected the neonates' urine on their first day of life. Urinary concentrations of calbindin, clusterin, KIM-1, MCP-1, and B2M were assessed using an immunoassay for kidney toxicology research. Because dilution of the urine affects the concentrations of urinary biomarkers, we normalized them to the concentration of urinary creatinine (Cr) and present them as biomarker/Cr ratios. RESULTS We obtained the following values of the assessed biomarker/Cr ratios (median [Q1-Q3]): calbindin/Cr.: 197.04 (56.25-595.17), KIM-1/Cr: 0.09 (0.04-0.18), MCP-1/Cr: 0.05 (0.02-0.14), B2M/Cr: 126.12 (19.03-342.48), GST-pi/Cr in boys: 1.28 (0.46-3.77), GST-pi/Cr in girls: 8.66 (2.51-27.82), clusterin/Cr: 4.55 (1.79-12.97) ng/mg Cr. CONCLUSIONS We showed the urinary levels of calbindin, clusterin, GST-pi, KIM-1, MCP-1, B2M in white, West Slavic, healthy term neonates. We found that in there is an association between female sex and a higher urinary GST-pi excretion, but urinary excretion of calbindin, clusterin, KIM-1, MCP-1, and B2M is sex-independent. The urinary levels of the assessed biomarkers do not depend on the method of delivery.
血清肌酐是评估肾功能的标准，但由于其依赖于肾脏不成熟和母体肌酐水平，因此在新生儿期不可靠。因此，研究新生儿其他肾功能生物标志物非常重要。本研究旨在测量健康足月新生儿尿液中的肾生物标志物：钙结合蛋白、簇集素、GST-pi（谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶-α）、KIM-1（肾损伤分子 1）、MCP-1（单核细胞趋化蛋白-1）和 B2M（β2-微球蛋白）的浓度。
在这项研究中，我们纳入了 80 名健康的足月新生儿-40 名女性和 40 名男性。我们在新生儿出生后的第一天收集他们的尿液。使用用于肾脏毒理学研究的免疫测定法评估钙结合蛋白、簇集素、KIM-1、MCP-1 和 B2M 的尿液浓度。因为尿液的稀释会影响尿液生物标志物的浓度，所以我们将其标准化为尿液肌酐（Cr）的浓度，并以生物标志物/Cr 比值表示。
我们得到了以下评估的生物标志物/Cr 比值的数值（中位数[Q1-Q3]）：钙结合蛋白/Cr：197.04（56.25-595.17），KIM-1/Cr：0.09（0.04-0.18），MCP-1/Cr：0.05（0.02-0.14），B2M/Cr：126.12（19.03-342.48），GST-pi/Cr 男孩：1.28（0.46-3.77），GST-pi/Cr 女孩：8.66（2.51-27.82），簇集素/Cr：4.55（1.79-12.97）ng/mg Cr。
我们显示了白色、西斯拉夫人、健康足月新生儿尿液中的钙结合蛋白、簇集素、GST-pi、KIM-1、MCP-1、B2M 的水平。我们发现，女性性别与 GST-pi 排泄增加有关，但钙结合蛋白、簇集素、KIM-1、MCP-1 和 B2M 的尿液排泄与性别无关。评估生物标志物的尿液水平与分娩方式无关。
