The Identification of Goat Gene Copy Number Variation and Its Association with Growth Traits.

(1) Background: Copy number variation (CNV) is a critical component of genome structural variation and has garnered significant attention. High-throughput screening of the gene has revealed a correlation between the CNV region and the growth traits of goats. We aimed to identify the CNV of the gene in five goat breeds and analyze its association with growth characteristics. (2) Methods: We utilized 706 goats from five breeds: Guizhou black goat (GZB), Guizhou white goat (GZW), Bohuai goat (BH), Huai goat (HH), and Taihang goat (TH). To evaluate the number of copies of the gene using qPCR, we analyzed the correlation between the CNV and growth characteristics and then used a universal linear model. The findings revealed variations in the distribution of different copy number types among the different goat breeds. (3) Results: Association analysis revealed a positive influence of the CNV in the gene on goat growth. In GZB, individuals with duplication types exhibited superior performance in terms of cannon bone circumference ( < 0.05). In HH, individuals with duplication types exhibited superior performance in terms of body slanting length ( < 0.05). Conversely, normal TH demonstrated better body height and body weight ( < 0.05), while in GZW, when CN = 3, it performed better than other types in terms of body weight and chest circumference ( < 0.05). However, in BH, it had no significant effect on growth traits. (4) Conclusions: We confirmed that the CNV in the gene significantly influences the growth characteristics of four distinct goat breeds. The correlation between gene CNVs and goat growth traits offers valuable insights to breeders, enabling them to employ precise and efficient breeding methods that enhance livestock welfare, productivity, and overall economic benefits in the industry.