Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 2024 Apr;334:115788. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115788. Epub 2024 Feb 12.
Metabolic dysfunction is highly prevalent and contributes to premature mortality among people with schizophrenia (PwS), especially in Hispanic/Latino/a/x/e PwS, compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) PwS. This study evaluated the relative contributions of Mexican descent and schizophrenia diagnosis to metabolic biomarker levels. This cross-sectional study included 115 PwS and 102 non-psychiatric comparison (NC) participants - English-speakers aged 26-66 years, 27% Mexican descent, and 52% women across both groups. Assessments included evaluations of BMI, psychopathology, and fasting metabolic biomarkers. We used ANOVA analyses to compare metabolic outcomes between diagnostic and ethnic subgroups, linear regression models to examine associations between Mexican descent and metabolic outcomes, and Spearman's correlations to examine relationships between metabolic outcomes and illness-related variables in PwS. Mexican PwS had higher hemoglobin A1c levels, insulin resistance, and body mass index than NHW PwS. Mexican descent was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c levels, insulin resistance, body mass index, and leptin levels, controlling for age, sex, depression, education, and smoking. Among Mexican PwS, worse negative symptoms were associated with greater insulin resistance. These findings support the possibility of ethnicity-based differences in metabolic dysregulation, though further investigation is warranted to create targeted health interventions for Hispanic PwS.
代谢功能障碍在精神分裂症患者（PwS）中非常普遍，并且导致其过早死亡，尤其是与非西班牙裔白人（NHW）PwS 相比，西班牙裔/拉丁裔/美洲原住民/混合族裔（Hispanic/Latino/a/x/e）PwS 中更为常见。本研究评估了墨西哥血统和精神分裂症诊断对代谢生物标志物水平的相对贡献。这项横断面研究包括 115 名 PwS 和 102 名非精神科对照（NC）参与者-年龄在 26-66 岁之间的英语使用者，其中 27%为墨西哥血统，两组中 52%为女性。评估包括 BMI、精神病理学和空腹代谢生物标志物的评估。我们使用方差分析比较诊断和种族亚组之间的代谢结果，线性回归模型检查墨西哥血统与代谢结果之间的关系，Spearman 相关分析检查代谢结果与 PwS 中与疾病相关的变量之间的关系。与 NHW PwS 相比，墨西哥裔 PwS 的糖化血红蛋白水平、胰岛素抵抗和体重指数更高。控制年龄、性别、抑郁、教育和吸烟因素后，墨西哥血统与更高的糖化血红蛋白水平、胰岛素抵抗、体重指数和瘦素水平相关。在墨西哥裔 PwS 中，更严重的阴性症状与更大的胰岛素抵抗相关。这些发现支持代谢失调存在基于种族的差异的可能性，尽管需要进一步研究以针对西班牙裔 PwS 创建有针对性的健康干预措施。
