Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Surgery Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019 Feb;35(2):e3097. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3097. Epub 2018 Dec 4.
The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among the Hispanic population in the United States are higher than the national average. This is partly due to sociocultural factors, such as lower income and decreased access to education and health care, as well as a genetic susceptibility to obesity and higher insulin resistance. This review focuses on understanding the Hispanic population living in the United States from a multidisciplinary approach and underlines the importance of cultural, social, and biological factors in determining the increased risk of T2D in this population. An overview of the acute and chronic complications of T2D upon this population is included, which is of paramount importance to understand the toll that diabetes has upon this population, the health system, and society as a whole. Specific interventions directed to the Hispanic populations are needed to prevent and alleviate some of the burdens of T2D. Different prevention strategies based on medications, lifestyle modifications, and educational programmes are discussed herein. Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a critical element of care of all people with diabetes and is considered necessary to improve patient outcomes. To be more effective, programmes should take into consideration cultural factors that influence the development and progression of diabetes. These interventions aim to enhance long-term effects by reducing the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of T2D in the Hispanic population of the United States.
美国西班牙裔人群中的 2 型糖尿病（T2D）患病率和发病率高于全国平均水平。这部分是由于社会文化因素，例如收入较低，教育和医疗保健机会减少，以及对肥胖和更高胰岛素抵抗的遗传易感性。这篇综述从多学科角度重点探讨了居住在美国的西班牙裔人群，并强调了文化、社会和生物学因素在确定该人群 T2D 风险增加方面的重要性。文中还概述了 T2D 对这一人群、医疗体系和整个社会的急性和慢性并发症，这对于了解糖尿病对这一人群、医疗体系和整个社会的影响至关重要。需要针对西班牙裔人群采取具体干预措施来预防和减轻 T2D 的一些负担。本文讨论了针对西班牙裔人群的不同预防策略，包括药物、生活方式改变和教育计划。糖尿病自我管理教育（DSME）是所有糖尿病患者护理的关键要素，被认为是改善患者结局所必需的。为了更有效，计划应考虑影响糖尿病发展和进展的文化因素。这些干预措施旨在通过降低美国西班牙裔人群 T2D 的发病率、发病率和死亡率来增强长期效果。
