Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 25;14(1):4564. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55245-9.
Global concern over COVID-19 vaccine distribution disparities highlights the need for strategic booster shots. We explored longitudinal antibody responses post-booster during the Omicron wave in a Japanese cohort, emphasizing prior infection and booster doses. This prospective cohort study included 1763 participants aged 18 years and older with at least three vaccine doses (7376 datapoints). Antibody levels were measured every 2 months. We modeled temporal declines in antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccine boosters according to prior infection status and booster doses using a Bayesian linear mixed-effects interval-censored model, considering age, sex, underlying conditions, and lifestyle. Prior infection enhanced post-booster immunity (posterior median 0.346, 95% credible interval [CrI] 0.335-0.355), maintaining antibody levels (posterior median 0.021; 95% CrI 0.019-0.023) over 1 year, in contrast to uninfected individuals whose levels had waned by 8 months post-vaccination. Each additional booster was correlated with higher baseline antibody levels and slower declines, comparing after the third dose. Female sex, older age, immunosuppressive status, and smoking history were associated with lower baseline post-vaccination antibodies, but not associated with decline rates except for older age in the main model. Prior infection status and tailored, efficient, personalized booster strategies are crucial, considering sex, age, health conditions, and lifestyle.
全球对 COVID-19 疫苗分配不均的关注凸显了战略加强针的必要性。我们在日本队列中研究了奥密克戎浪潮期间加强针后的纵向抗体反应，重点关注既往感染和加强针剂量。这项前瞻性队列研究包括 1763 名年龄在 18 岁及以上、至少接种过三剂疫苗（7376 个数据点）的参与者。每两个月测量一次抗体水平。我们使用贝叶斯线性混合效应区间 censored 模型，根据既往感染状况和加强针剂量，对 COVID-19 疫苗加强针后的抗体水平进行了时间衰减建模，考虑了年龄、性别、基础疾病和生活方式。既往感染增强了加强针后的免疫（后验中位数 0.346，95%可信区间 [CrI] 0.335-0.355），与未感染者相比，在 1 年内维持了抗体水平（后验中位数 0.021；95% CrI 0.019-0.023），而未感染者在接种疫苗后 8 个月时抗体水平已经下降。与未感染者相比，每增加一剂加强针与基线抗体水平升高和下降速度减缓相关，这是在接种第三剂后得出的结果。女性、年龄较大、免疫抑制状态和吸烟史与接种后基线抗体水平较低相关，但与下降率无关，除了在主要模型中年龄较大的情况。考虑到性别、年龄、健康状况和生活方式，既往感染状况和量身定制、高效、个性化的加强针策略至关重要。
