Jansen R P
J Med Ethics. 1985 Sep;11(3):123-6. doi: 10.1136/jme.11.3.123.
To whom do sperm and ova belong? Few tissues are produced by the human body with more waste than the germ cells. Yet dominion over the germ cells, and over the early embryo that results from their union in vitro, is behind much of the emotion that modern reproductive intervention can engender. The germ cells differ from other human tissues that can be donated or transplanted because they carry readily utilizable genetic information. Eventual expression of the germ cells' genetic potential is the legitimate concern and responsibility of their donors, although in the right circumstances the responsibility can by agreement be entrusted to institutions administering gamete or embryo donor programmes; these institutions, in turn, may need to assume responsibility for decisions if, in the case of embryo storage, the wishes of the two donors conflict. The fact of sperm and ovum ownership (and the genetic potential that goes with it) before individuals part with these tissues is beyond dispute. Some contentious issues may be clarified if this area of human dominion, namely control over genetic expression among offspring, is acknowledged to be the legitimate persisting concern of those who have produced sperm and ova after storage commences.
精子和卵子属于谁？人体产生的组织中，很少有比生殖细胞产生更多废弃物的了。然而，对生殖细胞以及它们在体外结合后形成的早期胚胎的支配权，是现代生殖干预引发诸多情感的背后原因。生殖细胞不同于其他可捐赠或移植的人体组织，因为它们携带易于利用的遗传信息。生殖细胞遗传潜力的最终表达是其捐赠者的合理关切和责任，尽管在适当情况下，这一责任可通过协议委托给管理配子或胚胎捐赠项目的机构；反过来，如果在胚胎储存的情况下两位捐赠者的意愿发生冲突，这些机构可能需要对相关决定负责。在个体交出这些组织之前，精子和卵子的所有权（以及与之相关的遗传潜力）这一事实是无可争议的。如果承认这一人类支配领域，即在储存开始后对后代基因表达的控制，是精子和卵子产生者持续存在的合理关切，那么一些有争议的问题可能会得到澄清。
