Mainkar Prathama, Ray Anjan, Chandrasekhar Srivari
CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India.
CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India.
ACS Omega. 2024 Feb 6;9(7):7271-7276. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07508. eCollection 2024 Feb 20.
Technological advancements in organic chemistry cannot be imagined without solvents, an essential evil due to well-recognized safety, health, and environmental risks and yet an integral part of the value chain for almost all industrially manufactured products intended for human use. A solvent serves as an essential liquid medium for different molecules to interact and react, generating products totally different from the original reactants. Reminiscences reveal water to be the first solvent used in the art of organic chemistry. This Viewpoint attempts to capture anecdotal theories and evidence on the use of this "magic liquid" and the progressive adoption of alternative liquid solvents, which have played a pivotal role in the evolution of synthetic organic chemistry. Synthetic organic chemistry, in turn, has sought to compete with nature in mimicking complex natural product syntheses in the laboratory on miniscule time scales compared with millions of years of evolutionary processes.
如果没有溶剂,有机化学的技术进步是难以想象的。溶剂虽因众所周知的安全、健康和环境风险而成为一种必要的“祸害”,但却是几乎所有工业生产的供人类使用的产品价值链中不可或缺的一部分。溶剂作为一种重要的液体介质,使不同分子相互作用和反应,生成与原始反应物完全不同的产物。回忆表明,水是有机化学领域使用的第一种溶剂。本观点试图梳理关于这种“神奇液体”使用的轶事性理论和证据,以及替代液体溶剂的逐步采用情况,这些溶剂在合成有机化学的发展中发挥了关键作用。反过来,合成有机化学试图在实验室中以微小的时间尺度模拟复杂天然产物的合成,与历经数百万年的进化过程相竞争。
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