Stephan Yannick, Sutin Angelina R, Mõttus René, Luchetti Martina, Aschwanden Damaris, Terracciano Antonio
Euromov, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA.
J Psychiatr Res. 2025 Mar;183:52-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.060. Epub 2025 Feb 1.
There is substantial evidence for an association between the Five-Factor Model personality domains and cognition across adulthood. Examining the items that compose each of the five domains, known as nuances, can provide novel insight into the aspects of the traits most connected to cognitive outcomes. This study tested the association between personality nuances and cognition (memory performance, subjective memory, informant-rated cognition) in five community-based cohorts. Participants (N > 28,000, age range: 32-104 years) were administered the Midlife Development Inventory (MIDI) to assess personality nuances, immediate and recall tasks to assess memory performance, and a subjective memory measure. Ratings of cognitive functioning from a knowledgeable informant were available in two samples. There was a strong pattern of replicability between personality items and cognitive outcomes across samples and cognitive measures. Meta-analyses indicated that higher neuroticism nuances (particularly the nervous and worry items) were related to lower memory performance, worse subjective memory, and worse informant-rated cognition. Higher conscientiousness (particularly the organized and responsible items), extraversion (particularly the active item), and openness (particularly the intelligent item) nuances were consistently associated with better memory performance, better subjective memory, and better informant-rated cognition across samples. To a lesser extent, higher agreeableness nuances (helpful, warm, sympathetic) were associated with better memory and subjective memory. This research adds to the existing literature by providing novel evidence of replicable associations between personality nuances and cognition.
有大量证据表明，五因素模型人格领域与成年期的认知之间存在关联。审视构成这五个领域的项目（即细微差别），可以为与认知结果联系最紧密的特质方面提供新的见解。本研究在五个基于社区的队列中测试了人格细微差别与认知（记忆表现、主观记忆、他人评价的认知）之间的关联。参与者（N>28000，年龄范围：32 - 104岁）接受了中年发展量表（MIDI）以评估人格细微差别，接受了即时和回忆任务以评估记忆表现，以及一项主观记忆测量。在两个样本中可获得来自知识渊博的他人对认知功能的评价。跨样本和认知测量，人格项目与认知结果之间存在很强的可重复性模式。荟萃分析表明，较高的神经质细微差别（特别是紧张和担忧项目）与较低的记忆表现、较差的主观记忆以及较差的他人评价的认知相关。较高的尽责性（特别是有条理和负责的项目）、外向性（特别是活跃项目）和开放性（特别是聪明项目）细微差别在各样本中始终与较好的记忆表现、较好的主观记忆以及较好的他人评价的认知相关。在较小程度上，较高的宜人性细微差别（乐于助人、热情、有同情心）与较好的记忆和主观记忆相关。这项研究通过提供人格细微差别与认知之间可重复关联的新证据，为现有文献增添了内容。
