Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Curr Cardiol Rev. 2024;20(3):1-12. doi: 10.2174/011573403X279782240206091322.
The novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in the last days of December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The presence of certain co-morbidities, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), are the basis for worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Relevant English-language literature was searched and retrieved from the Google Scholar search engine and PubMed database up to 2023 using COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Heart failure, Myocardial infarction, and Arrhythmia and Cardiac complication as keywords. Increased hemodynamic load, ischemia-related dysfunction, ventricular remodeling, excessive neurohumoral stimulation, abnormal myocyte calcium cycling, and excessive or insufficient extracellular matrix proliferation are associated with heart failure (HF) in COVID-19 patients. Inflammatory reaction due to the excessive release of inflammatory cytokines, leads to myocardial infarction (MI) in these patients. The virus can induce heart arrhythmia through cardiac complications, hypoxia, decreased heart hemodynamics, and remarkable inflammatory markers. Moreover, studies have linked cardiac complications in COVID-19 with poor outcomes, extended hospitalization time, and increased mortality rate. Patients with COVID-19 and CVDs are at higher mortality risk and they should be given high priority when receiving the treatment and intensive care during hospitalization.
新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）于 2019 年 12 月在我国武汉首次报告。某些合并症的存在，包括心血管疾病（CVDs），是 COVID-19 患者预后较差的基础。使用 COVID-19、SARS-CoV-2、心力衰竭、心肌梗死和心律失常及心脏并发症作为关键词，从 Google Scholar 搜索引擎和 PubMed 数据库中搜索并检索到相关的英文文献，检索时间截至 2023 年。与 COVID-19 患者心力衰竭相关的因素包括：血液动力学负荷增加、与缺血相关的功能障碍、心室重构、过度神经体液刺激、肌细胞钙循环异常、细胞外基质过度或不足增殖。由于炎症细胞因子的过度释放而引起的炎症反应，导致这些患者发生心肌梗死（MI）。病毒可以通过心脏并发症、缺氧、降低心脏血液动力学和显著的炎症标志物，引发心脏心律失常。此外，研究表明 COVID-19 中的心脏并发症与不良结局、住院时间延长和死亡率增加有关。患有 COVID-19 和 CVDs 的患者的死亡率更高，在住院期间接受治疗和重症监护时应给予高度优先考虑。
