Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Guanyun County, Lianyungang 222200, Jiangsu, China.
Clin Chim Acta. 2024 Mar 15;556:117849. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117849. Epub 2024 Feb 28.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of gastrointestinal cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates, and is often accompanied by distant metastases. Metastasis is a major cause of shortened survival time and poor treatment outcomes for patients with CRC. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the metastasis of CRC remain unclear. Exosomes are a class of small extracellular vesicles that originate from almost all human cells and can transmit biological information (e.g., nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and metabolites) from secretory cells to target recipient cells. Recent studies have revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can be released by exosomes into the tumour microenvironment or specific tissues, and play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis by regulating a series of key molecules or signalling pathways, particularly those involved in tumour metastasis. Exosomal ncRNAs have potential as novel therapeutic targets for CRC metastasis, and can also be used as liquid biopsy biomarkers because of their specificity and sensitivity. Therefore, further investigations into the biological function and clinical value of exosomal ncRNAs will be of great value for the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of CRC metastasis.
结直肠癌（CRC）是一种具有高发病率和死亡率的胃肠道癌症，常伴有远处转移。转移是导致 CRC 患者生存时间缩短和治疗效果不佳的主要原因。然而，CRC 转移的分子机制尚不清楚。外泌体是一类源自几乎所有人类细胞的小细胞外囊泡，能够将生物信息（如核酸、脂质、蛋白质和代谢物）从分泌细胞传递到靶细胞。最近的研究表明，非编码 RNA（ncRNA）可以通过外泌体释放到肿瘤微环境或特定组织中，并通过调节一系列关键分子或信号通路，特别是那些与肿瘤转移相关的信号通路，在肿瘤发生中发挥关键作用。外泌体 ncRNA 具有作为 CRC 转移新型治疗靶点的潜力，并且由于其特异性和敏感性，也可以用作液体活检生物标志物。因此，进一步研究外泌体 ncRNA 的生物学功能和临床价值，对于 CRC 转移的预防、早期诊断和治疗具有重要意义。
