雨洋 张, 宁睿 刘, 瀛 龙, Yuyang Zhang, Ningrui Liu, Ying Long
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ZHANG Yuyang is a postdoctoral researcher in the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on healthy city and healthy neighborhood.
Feng Jing Yuan Lin. 2020;27(11):96-103. doi: 10.14085/j.fjyl.2020.11.0096.08.
Neighborhoods are places where people spend the most time in their lives. Neighborhoods have a decisive impact on the residents' health. With several important tasks, including the transformation of old neighborhoods, the maintenance of existing neighborhoods, and the construction of new neighborhoods in the future, a scientific and reasonable evaluation standard is urgently needed to guide the development of healthy neighborhoods. To build the evaluation system, this paper first clarifies the principles for selecting evaluation indicators, which include: 1) the indicators are selected from a humanistic perspective; 2) the pathways between neighborhoods environment and health outcomes are deeply considered; 3) the indicators are selected from multiple scales. Secondly, based on the combined perspectives of urban planning and public health, it identifies the indicators that affect the residents' health in neighborhoods and searches the literature through the quality assessment to provide evidence to support the accuracy and effectiveness of the indicators. Finally, it proposes prospect to the evaluation, including 1) it is urgent to improve and utilize the healthy neighborhoods based on the Chinese condition; 2) advanced technologies need to be widely applied in neighborhoods in the future; 3) the transitions in cities should be considered in the future development of neighborhoods. It hopes that relevant researchers and government leaders to realize the importance and urgency of healthy neighborhoods to build more healthy neighborhoods in China.
社区是人们一生中度过大部分时间的地方。社区对居民的健康有着决定性的影响。由于有几项重要任务,包括旧社区改造、现有社区维护以及未来新社区建设,迫切需要一个科学合理的评估标准来指导健康社区的发展。为构建评估体系,本文首先阐明了评估指标选取的原则,包括:1)指标从人文视角选取;2)深入考虑社区环境与健康结果之间的路径;3)指标从多个尺度选取。其次,基于城市规划和公共卫生的综合视角,确定影响社区居民健康的指标,并通过质量评估检索文献,为指标的准确性和有效性提供证据支持。最后,对评估提出展望,包括1)迫切需要基于中国国情改进和利用健康社区;2)未来先进技术需在社区广泛应用;3)社区未来发展应考虑城市转型。希望相关研究人员和政府领导认识到健康社区的重要性和紧迫性,以便在中国建设更多健康社区。