Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2024 Feb 23;57:e004002023. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0280-2023. eCollection 2024.
Arboviral diseases are a group of infectious diseases caused by viruses transmitted by arthropods, mainly mosquitoes. These diseases, such as those caused by the dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and yellow fever (YFV) viruses, have a significant impact worldwide. In this context, entomological surveillance plays a crucial role in the control and prevention of arboviruses by providing essential information on the presence, distribution, and activity of vector mosquitoes. Based on entomological surveillance, transovarian transmission provides information regarding the maintenance and dissemination of arboviruses. The objective of this study was to detect these arboviruses in Goiânia, Goiás, and analyze the occurrence of transovarian transmission.
Aedes aegypti eggs were collected from different regions of Goiânia and cultivated under controlled laboratory conditions until the emergence of adult mosquitoes. Adult females were grouped into pools containing their heads and thoraxes. These pools were subsequently evaluated using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay.
A total of 157 pools (N=1570) were analyzed, with two pools testing positive for CHIKV and one pool testing positive for ZIKV, indicating that the offspring resulting from transovarian transmission are potentially infectious.
In summary, the demonstration of the vertical transmission mechanisms of CHIKV and ZIKV in A. aegypti serves as an alert to health authorities, as these diseases are still underreported, and their primary urban vector has likely acquired this capacity, contributing to the dissemination of these infections.
虫媒病毒病是一组由节肢动物传播的病毒引起的传染病，主要是蚊子。这些疾病，如登革热（DENV）、寨卡（ZIKV）、基孔肯雅（CHIKV）和黄热病（YFV）病毒引起的疾病，在全球范围内有很大的影响。在这种情况下，昆虫学监测在控制和预防虫媒病毒方面起着至关重要的作用，为媒介蚊子的存在、分布和活动提供了必要的信息。基于昆虫学监测，经卵传递为维持和传播虫媒病毒提供了信息。本研究的目的是在戈亚尼亚（Goiânia）检测这些虫媒病毒，并分析经卵传递的发生情况。
从戈亚尼亚不同地区收集埃及伊蚊（Aedes aegypti）卵，并在受控的实验室条件下培养，直到成年蚊子出现。成年雌性蚊子被分为含有头部和胸部的群体。这些群体随后通过逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）检测进行评估。
总共分析了 157 个群体（N=1570），其中 2 个群体检测到 CHIKV 阳性，1 个群体检测到 ZIKV 阳性，这表明经卵传递产生的后代具有潜在的传染性。
总之，证明 CHIKV 和 ZIKV 在埃及伊蚊中的垂直传播机制为卫生当局敲响了警钟，因为这些疾病的报告仍然不足，其主要的城市传播媒介可能已经获得了这种能力，这有助于这些感染的传播。
