National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2024 Feb 8;91(1):e1-e6. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v91i1.2115.
Trypanosomosis is a disease complex which affects both humans and animals in sub-Saharan Africa, transmitted by the tsetse fly and distributed within the tsetse belt of Africa. But some trypanosome species, for example, Trypanosoma brucei evansi, T. vivax, T. theileri and T. b. equiperdum are endemic outside the tsetse belt of Africa transmitted by biting flies, for example, Tabanus and Stomoxys, or venereal transmission, respectively. Trypanocidal drugs remain the principal method of animal trypanosomosis control in most African countries. However, there is a growing concern that their effectiveness may be severely curtailed by widespread drug resistance. A minimum number of six male cattle calves were recruited for the study. They were randomly grouped into two (T. vivax and T. congolense groups) of three calves each. One calf per group served as a control while two calves were treatment group. They were inoculated with 105 cells/mL parasites in phosphate buffered solution (PBS) in 2 mL. When parasitaemia reached 1 × 107.8 cells/mL trypanosomes per mL in calves, treatment was instituted with 20 mL (25 mg/kg in 100 kg calf) ascofuranone (AF) for treatment calves, while the control ones were administered a placebo (20 mL PBS) intramuscularly. This study revealed that T. vivax was successfully cleared by AF but the T. congolense group was not cleared effectively.Contribution: There is an urgent need to develop new drugs which this study sought to address. It is suggested that the AF compound can be developed further to be a sanative drug for T. vivax in non-tsetse infested areas like South Americas.
锥虫病是一种影响撒哈拉以南非洲地区人类和动物的疾病，由采采蝇传播，分布在非洲采采蝇带内。但有些锥虫种，如布氏锥虫伊氏亚种、布氏锥虫、锥虫和伊氏锥虫，在非洲采采蝇带以外的地区是地方性的，通过吸血蝇，如塔班斯和Stomoxys，或通过交配传播。在大多数非洲国家，杀锥虫药物仍然是动物锥虫病控制的主要方法。然而，人们越来越担心，由于广泛的药物耐药性，它们的有效性可能会受到严重限制。本研究招募了 6 头雄性小牛。它们被随机分为两组（布氏锥虫和刚果锥虫组），每组三头小牛。每组中的一头小牛作为对照，而两头小牛为治疗组。每头小牛接种 2 毫升磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）中的 105 个细胞/毫升寄生虫。当小牛中的寄生虫血症达到 1×107.8 个细胞/毫升时，用 20 毫升（25 毫克/公斤 100 公斤小牛） ascofuranone（AF）对治疗小牛进行治疗，而对照小牛则肌肉内注射 20 毫升 PBS。本研究表明，AF 可有效清除布氏锥虫，但刚果锥虫组未得到有效清除。贡献：迫切需要开发新的药物，本研究旨在解决这一问题。建议进一步开发 AF 化合物，使其成为南美洲等非采采蝇区布氏锥虫的治疗药物。
