Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Department of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
Eur J Immunol. 2024 May;54(5):e2350730. doi: 10.1002/eji.202350730. Epub 2024 Mar 2.
Sepsis, a multiorgan dysfunction with high incidence and mortality, is caused by an imbalanced host-to-infection immune response. Organ-support therapy improves the early survival rate of sepsis patients. In the long term, those who survive the "cytokine storm" and its secondary damage usually show higher susceptibility to secondary infections and sepsis-induced immunosuppression, in which regulatory T cells (Tregs) are evidenced to play an essential role. However, the potential role and mechanism of Tregs in sepsis-induced immunosuppression remains elusive. In this review, we elucidate the role of different functional subpopulations of Tregs during sepsis and then review the mechanism of sepsis-induced immunosuppression from the aspects of regulatory characteristics, epigenetic modification, and immunometabolism of Tregs. Thoroughly understanding how Tregs impact the immune system during sepsis may shed light on preclinical research and help improve the translational value of sepsis immunotherapy.
脓毒症是一种多器官功能障碍，发病率和死亡率都很高，是由宿主对感染的免疫反应失衡引起的。器官支持治疗提高了脓毒症患者的早期存活率。从长期来看，那些在“细胞因子风暴”及其继发损伤中幸存下来的患者通常对继发感染和脓毒症引起的免疫抑制具有更高的易感性，调节性 T 细胞（Tregs）被证明在其中发挥着重要作用。然而，Tregs 在脓毒症引起的免疫抑制中的潜在作用和机制仍不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们阐明了 Tregs 在脓毒症过程中的不同功能亚群的作用，然后从 Tregs 的调节特性、表观遗传修饰和免疫代谢方面综述了脓毒症引起的免疫抑制的机制。深入了解 Tregs 在脓毒症过程中如何影响免疫系统，可能有助于临床前研究，并有助于提高脓毒症免疫治疗的转化价值。
